Cold tolerance at the germination stage of rice: methods of evaluation and characterization of genotypes

• Published in: Scientia agricola 2004-02, Vol.61 (1), p.1-8
• Main Authors: Cruz, Renata Pereira da, Milach, Sandra Cristina Kothe
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; Indica and Japonica subspecies; low temperature; Oryza sativa L; variability
• ISSN: 0103-9016; 1678-992X; 0103-9016; 1678-992X
• DOI: 10.1590/S0103-90162004000100001

Rice cold tolerance at the germination stage is important in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) where temperatures below 15°C prevent or reduce germination and plant establishment in early sowings. The present study aimed at identifying an adequate method for cold tolerance evaluation of the rice germination stage and at verifying the variability among 24 rice genotypes of different origins. Cold tolerance was evaluated in experiment I, germination under two conditions: 13°C for 28 days and 28°C for seven days, and in experiment II, germination under 28°C for 72 hours, 13°C for 96 hours and again 28°C for 72 hours. In experiment I measured characteristics were germination index, percentage of seeds with coleoptile length superior to 5 mm and percentage of reduction in coleoptile length due to cold. In experiment II the measured characteristic was coleoptile regrowth after the cold period. Cold tolerance varied among genotypes studied in both experiments, but only the percentage of reduction in coleoptile length and coleoptile regrowth allowed a better distinction between the tolerant checks and the susceptible one. In general, genotypes belonging to the Japonica subspecies presented higher cold tolerance than Indica, but there was variability within subspecies. The most adequate method of evaluation of cold tolerance is through percentage of reduction in coleoptile length and coleoptile regrowth. Among Japonica genotypes, Quilla 64117 and Diamante presented the highest cold tolerance, and among Indica, cultivars BR-IRGA 410 and IRGA 416 were the most cold tolerant at the germination stage. A tolerância ao frio em arroz no estádio de germinação é importante no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) onde temperaturas abaixo de 15°C impedem ou reduzem a germinação e o estabelecimento das plantas em semeaduras precoces. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos identificar uma metodologia adequada para avaliação da tolerância ao frio na germinação em arroz e verificar a variabilidade existente entre 24 genótipos de arroz de diferentes origens. A tolerância ao frio foi avaliada em dois experimentos: experimento I, com germinação sob duas condições: 13°C por 28 dias e 28°C por sete dias, e experimento II, com germinação a 28°C por 72 horas, 13°C por 96 horas e novamente a 28°C por 72 horas. No experimento I as características medidas foram o índice de germinação, porcentagem de sementes com coleóptilo superior a 5 mm e porcentagem de redução no comprimento do coleóptilo devido ao frio. No exp