Effect of 12 Weeks High Oleic Peanut Consumption on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Body Composition

• Published in: Nutrients 2015-09, Vol.7 (9), p.7381-7398
• Main Authors: Barbour, Jayne A, Howe, Peter R C, Buckley, Jonathan D, Bryan, Janet, Coates, Alison M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adiposity; Aged; Arachis - metabolism; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body composition; Body mass index; body weight; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Cholesterol; Clinical trials; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes; Diet; Energy; Energy Intake; Female; Glucose; High density lipoprotein; high-oleic peanuts; Humans; inflammation; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Lipids; Lipids - blood; Literature reviews; Male; Metabolic Syndrome - blood; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology; Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Nutrients; Nutrition research; Nuts; Oleic Acid - administration & dosage; Oleic Acid - metabolism; Peanuts; Proteins; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Variance analysis; Waist Circumference; Weight control; Womens health
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu7095343

Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse association between nut consumption and obesity, inflammation, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. We investigated effects of high oleic peanut consumption vs. a nut free diet on adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers. In a randomised cross-over design, 61 healthy subjects (65 ± 7 years, body mass index (BMI) 31 ± 4 kg/m²) alternated either high oleic peanuts (15%-20% of energy) or a nut free diet for 12 weeks. Body composition and mass, waist circumference, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, glucose and insulin were assessed at baseline and after each phase. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the two diets. Consistent with other nut studies, there were no differences in lipids, CRP, glucose and insulin with peanut consumption. In contrast, some reports have demonstrated benefits, likely due to differences in the study cohort. Energy intake was 10% higher (853 kJ, p < 0.05), following peanut consumption vs. control, attributed to a 30% increase in fat intake (p < 0.001), predominantly monounsaturated (increase 22 g, p < 0.05). Despite greater energy intake during the peanut phase, there were no differences in body composition, and less than predicted increase (0.5 kg) in body weight for this additional energy intake, possibly due to incomplete nutrient absorption and energy utilisation.