A Novel Regulatory Player in the Innate Immune System: Long Non-Coding RNAs

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent crucial transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulators during antimicrobial responses in the host innate immune system. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are expressed in a highly tissue- and cell-specific- manner and are involved in the differentiati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-09, Vol.22 (17), p.9535
Main Authors: Xie, Yuhuai, Wei, Yuanyuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Binding sites
Cardiovascular diseases
Cell activation
Cell cycle
Cell differentiation
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Diabetes mellitus
Differentiation
DNA
DNA methylation
Gene expression
Gene loci
Genomes
Immune response
Immune system
Infectious diseases
inflammation
Inflammatory bowel diseases
innate immune cells
Innate immunity
Kinases
Localization
long non-coding RNA
Mammals
Molecular modelling
Non-coding RNA
Pathogens
Post-transcription
Proteins
Review
RNA polymerase
Sequences
Transcription factors
transcriptional regulation
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Summary:Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent crucial transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulators during antimicrobial responses in the host innate immune system. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are expressed in a highly tissue- and cell-specific- manner and are involved in the differentiation and function of innate immune cells, as well as inflammatory and antiviral processes, through versatile molecular mechanisms. These lncRNAs function via the interactions with DNA, RNA, or protein in either cis or trans pattern, relying on their specific sequences or their transcriptions and processing. The dysregulation of lncRNA function is associated with various human non-infectious diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Here, we provide an overview of the regulation and mechanisms of lncRNA function in the development and differentiation of innate immune cells, and during the activation or repression of innate immune responses. These elucidations might be beneficial for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and innate immune-mediated diseases.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22179535