Exploration of barriers to treatment for patients with eating disorders in Chile

• Published in: Journal of eating disorders 2024-10, Vol.12 (1), p.160-14, Article 160
• Main Authors: Castañeda, Felipe, Cerda, Jaime, Jara, Raúl, Riestra, Francisca, Urrejola, Pascuala, Vogel, Melina, Gumucio, María Elena, Irribarra, Verónica, Álvarez, Jorge, Díaz, María Alejandra, Kompatzki, Paula, Costa, Daniela
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Access to treatment; Analysis; Care and treatment; Chile; Developing countries; Early intervention; Eating disorders; Emergency medicine; Health aspects; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Public health; Teenagers; Youth
• ISSN: 2050-2974; 2050-2974
• DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01104-x

Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality, affecting predominantly young people and women. A delay in starting treatment is associated with chronic and more severe clinical courses; however, evidence on barriers and facilitators of access to care in Latin America is scarce. We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of ED treatment in Chile from the perspective of patients, relatives, and health professionals. Qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with patients, their relatives, and health professionals. Participants were recruited from two ED centers in Santiago, Chile (one public and one private). Analysis was mainly based on Grounded Theory, using MAXQDA software. 40 interviews were conducted (n = 22 patients, 10 relatives, and 8 health professionals). The mean age of patients was 21.8 years, while the mean duration of untreated ED was 91.4 months (median 70 months). Five categories emerged with intersections between them: patient (P), family and social environment (FSE), health professionals (HP), healthcare system (HCS), and social and cultural context (SCC). Relevant barriers appeared within these categories and their intersections, highlighting a lack of professional knowledge or expertise, cultural ignorance or misinformation regarding EDs, and patient's ego-syntonic behaviors. The main facilitators were patients' and relatives' psychoeducation, recognition of symptoms by family members, and parents taking the initiative to seek treatment. This study provides information regarding access to treatment for patients living with EDs in Chile. A practical public health approach should consider the multi-causality of delay in treatment and promoting early interventions. Eating disorders (EDs) may severely affect the daily functioning of people enduring them. A delay in starting treatment is associated with a disease that is more difficult to treat. To our knowledge, there are no published studies carried out in Latin America exploring factors influencing treatment initiation in EDs patients. This study aimed to identify facilitators of and barriers to treating patients with EDs in Chile. We interviewed patients (n = 22), their relatives (n = 10), and health professionals (n = 8) from a private and a public center in Santiago, Chile. Our analysis showed that the main barriers to starting treatment were the lack of professional knowledge in ED, the monetary cost of illness, and cultural misinformation. Fa