Anaerobes and Toxins, a Tradition of the Institut Pasteur

Louis Pasteur, one of the eminent pioneers of microbiology, discovered life without oxygen and identified the first anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. Certain bacteria were found to be responsible for specific diseases. Pasteur was mainly interested in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease...

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Published in:Toxins 2023-01, Vol.15 (1), p.43
Main Authors: Popoff, Michel R, Legout, Sandra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anaerobe
Anaerobes
anatoxin
Animals
Anthrax
Antisera
Bacteria
Bacteriology
Cholera
Diphtheria
Disease prevention
Enzymatic activity
Fermentation
Gangrene
Immunization
Infectious diseases
Laboratories
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Mode of action
Pasteur
Pasteur, Louis (1822-95)
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Poisons
Prevention
Renaissance period
Review
Signs and symptoms
Taxonomy
toxin
Toxins
Toxins, Biological
Toxoids
Vaccination
vaccine
Vaccines
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description Louis Pasteur, one of the eminent pioneers of microbiology, discovered life without oxygen and identified the first anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. Certain bacteria were found to be responsible for specific diseases. Pasteur was mainly interested in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases with attenuated pathogens. The collaborators of Pasteur investigated the mechanisms of pathogenicity and showed that some bacterial soluble substances, called toxins, induce symptoms and lesions in experimental animals. Anaerobic bacteriology, which requires specific equipment, has emerged as a distinct part of microbiology. The first objectives were the identification and taxonomy of anaerobes. Several anaerobes producing potent toxins were associated with severe diseases. The investigation of toxins including sequencing, mode of action, and enzymatic activity led to a better understanding of toxin-mediated pathogenicity and allowed the development of safe and efficient prevention and treatment (vaccination with anatoxins, specific neutralizing antisera). Moreover, toxins turned out to be powerful tools in exploring cellular mechanisms supporting the concept of cellular microbiology. Pasteurians have made a wide contribution to anaerobic bacteriology and toxinology. The historical steps are summarized in this review.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/toxins15010043
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subjects anaerobe
Anaerobes
anatoxin
Animals
Anthrax
Antisera
Bacteria
Bacteriology
Cholera
Diphtheria
Disease prevention
Enzymatic activity
Fermentation
Gangrene
Immunization
Infectious diseases
Laboratories
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Mode of action
Pasteur
Pasteur, Louis (1822-95)
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Poisons
Prevention
Renaissance period
Review
Signs and symptoms
Taxonomy
toxin
Toxins
Toxins, Biological
Toxoids
Vaccination
vaccine
Vaccines
title Anaerobes and Toxins, a Tradition of the Institut Pasteur
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