Evaluation of Quality and Readability of Online Health Information on High Blood Pressure Using DISCERN and Flesch-Kincaid Tools

• Published in: Applied sciences 2020-05, Vol.10 (9), p.3214
• Main Authors: Tahir, Muhammad, Usman, Muhammad, Muhammad, Fazal, Rehman, Shams ur, Khan, Imran, Idrees, Muhammad, Irfan, Muhammad, Glowacz, Adam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Anxiety disorders; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; DISCERN; Educational aspects; Evaluation; Health services; high blood pressure; Hypertension; Internet; Lupus; Medical diagnostic software; Medical personnel; Medical treatment; Mortality; Normality; Online health care information services; online health information; Quality; Quality assessment; quality evaluation; Quality management; Readability (Literature); readability evaluation; Reliability analysis; Search engines; Signs and symptoms; Studies; Testing; Websites
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app10093214

High Blood Pressure (BP) is a vital factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. For more than a decade now, patients search for quality and easy-to-read Online Health Information (OHI) for symptoms, preventions, therapy and other medical conditions. In this paper, we evaluate the quality and readability of OHI about high BP. In order that the first 20 clicks of three top-rated search engines have been used to collect the pertinent data. Using the exclusion criteria, 25 unique websites are selected for evaluation. The quality of all included links is evaluated through DISCERN checklist, a questionnaire for assessing the quality of written information for a health problem. To enhance the reliability of evaluation, all links are separately assessed by two different groups—a group of Health Professional (HPs) and a group of Lay Subjects (LS). A readability test is performed using Flesch-Kincaid tool. Fleiss’ kappa has been calculated before considering average value of each group. After evaluation, the average DISCERN value of HPs is 49.43 ± 14.0 (fair quality) while for LS, it is 48.7 ± 12.2; the mean Flesch-Reading Ease Score (FRES) is 58.5 ± 11.1, which is fairly difficult to read and the Average Grade Level (AGL) is 8.8 ± 1.9. None of the websites scored more than 73 (90%). In both groups, only 4 (16%) websites achieved DISCERN score over 80%. Mann-Whitney and Cronbach’s alpha have been computed to check the statistical significance of the difference between two groups and internal consistency of DISCERN checklist, respectively. Normality and homoscedasticity tests have been performed to check the distribution of scores of both evaluating groups. In both groups, information category websites achieved high DISCERN score but their readability level is worse. Highest scoring websites have clear aim, succinct source and high quality of information on treatment options. High BP is a pervasive disease, yet most of the websites did not produce precise or high-quality information on treatment options.