Soluble Receptors Affecting Stroke Outcomes: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools

Soluble receptors are widely understood to be freestanding moieties formed via cleavage from their membrane-bound counterparts. They have unique structures, are found among various receptor families, and have intriguing mechanisms of generation and release. Soluble receptors' ability to exhibit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-01, Vol.22 (3), p.1108
Main Authors: Bhattacharya, Ayon, Ashouri, Rani, Fangman, Madison, Mazur, Alexandra, Garett, Timothy, Doré, Sylvain
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADAM
Bioavailability
Biomarkers
Blood
decoy receptors
Differentiation
Erythrocytes
Growth hormones
Heme
Hemoglobin
Inflammation
Kinases
Ligands
Lipoproteins
Lysis
neuroinflammation
Oxidative stress
Pathology
Proteins
Review
Roles
sCD163
sCD36
sLRP1
Stroke
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Soluble receptors are widely understood to be freestanding moieties formed via cleavage from their membrane-bound counterparts. They have unique structures, are found among various receptor families, and have intriguing mechanisms of generation and release. Soluble receptors' ability to exhibit pleiotropic action by receptor modulation or by exhibiting a dual role in cytoprotection and neuroinflammation is concentration dependent and has continually mystified researchers. Here, we have compiled findings from preclinical and clinical studies to provide insights into the role of soluble/decoy receptors, focusing on the soluble cluster of differentiation 36, the soluble cluster of differentiation 163, and soluble lipoprotein-related protein 1 (sCD36, sCD163, and sLRP1, respectively) and the functions they could likely serve in the management of stroke, as they would notably regulate the bioavailability of the hemoglobin and heme after red blood cell lysis. The key roles that these soluble receptors play in inflammation, oxidative stress, and the related pharmacotherapeutic potential in improving stroke outcomes are described. The precise pleiotropic physiological functions of soluble receptors remain unclear, and further scientific investigation/validation is required to establish their respective role in diagnosis and therapy.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22031108