Evaluation of a Tasteless Enrofloxacin Pharmaceutical Preparation for Cats. Naive Pooled-Sample Approach to Study Its Pharmacokinetics

Available pharmaceutical preparations of enrofloxacin injected SC or IM to cats are likely to cause adverse tissue reactions in the injection sites (pH of the drug preparations is ≥10.4). Tablets often induce abundant ptyalism and vomiting, casting doubt on the efficacy of the drug administration ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2021-08, Vol.11 (8), p.2312
Main Authors: Gutierrez, Lilia, Tapia, Graciela, Gutierrez, Eduardo, Sumano, Hector
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alginates
Alginic acid
Animals
Bacterial infections
Bioavailability
cats
COVID-19
Drug dosages
Enrofloxacin
enrofloxacin-alginate
Food
Injection
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Monte Carlo simulation
naïve pooled sampling
Parenteral nutrition
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology
Plasma
Ptyalism
Retinopathy
Sampling
Toxicity
Vomiting
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Summary:Available pharmaceutical preparations of enrofloxacin injected SC or IM to cats are likely to cause adverse tissue reactions in the injection sites (pH of the drug preparations is ≥10.4). Tablets often induce abundant ptyalism and vomiting, casting doubt on the efficacy of the drug administration maneuver. In addition, the reported oral bioavailability is very low. In this trial, the oral pharmacokinetics of dried alginate beads of enrofloxacin (DABE) administered by concealing them in the cat’s moist food or morsels, is described. A naïve polled sampling approach was chosen with fourteen adult healthy cats. Neither their housing nor their feeding habits were altered. A single pharmacokinetic profile was obtained with 5 samples per designated bleeding time, sampling each cat 2–3 times only. None of the cats rejected their medicated food or morsels. Plasma profile of enrofloxacin exhibited an AUC0–24 value of 12.4 µg·h/mL and an AUC0–∞ value of 19.2 µg·h/mL, which are comparatively greater than values previously referred for kittens. In contrast, λ and elimination t½ were almost identical (0.12 1/h and 6.1 h). Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics ratios taking the breakpoint of Staphylococcus epidermidis as a surrogate (0.5 µg/mL), can be regarded as borderline or low, but perhaps adequate in cats, as higher concentrations may be linked to toxicity (AUC0–24/MIC = 24.8; Cmax/MIC = 4.6).
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani11082312