Wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance and beyond: A survey

The pandemic of COVID-19 has imposed tremendous pressure on public health systems and social economic ecosystems over the past years. To alleviate its social impact, it is important to proactively track the prevalence of COVID-19 within communities. The traditional way to estimate the disease preval...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Epidemics 2024-12, Vol.49, p.100793, Article 100793
Main Authors: Chen, Chen, Wang, Yunfan, Kaur, Gursharn, Adiga, Aniruddha, Espinoza, Baltazar, Venkatramanan, Srinivasan, Warren, Andrew, Lewis, Bryan, Crow, Justin, Singh, Rekha, Lorentz, Alexandra, Toney, Denise, Marathe, Madhav
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Epidemiology
Humans
Infectious disease
SARS-CoV-2
Survey
Wastewater
Wastewater - virology
Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
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Summary:The pandemic of COVID-19 has imposed tremendous pressure on public health systems and social economic ecosystems over the past years. To alleviate its social impact, it is important to proactively track the prevalence of COVID-19 within communities. The traditional way to estimate the disease prevalence is to estimate from reported clinical test data or surveys. However, the coverage of clinical tests is often limited and the tests can be labor-intensive, requires reliable and timely results, and consistent diagnostic and reporting criteria. Recent studies revealed that patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19 often undergo fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 virus into wastewater, which makes wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance a promising approach to complement traditional clinical testing. In this paper, we survey the existing literature regarding wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance and summarize the current advances in the area. Specifically, we have covered the key aspects of wastewater sampling, sample testing, and presented a comprehensive and organized summary of wastewater data analytical methods. Finally, we provide the open challenges on current wastewater-based COVID-19 surveillance studies, aiming to encourage new ideas to advance the development of effective wastewater-based surveillance systems for general infectious diseases.
ISSN:1755-4365
1878-0067
1878-0067
DOI:10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100793