Nutraceuticals as Alternative Approach against Cadmium-Induced Kidney Damage: A Narrative Review

Cadmium (Cd) represents a public health risk due to its non-biodegradability and long biological half-life. The main target of Cd is the kidney, where it accumulates. In the present narrative review, we assessed experimental and clinical data dealing with the mechanisms of kidney morphological and f...

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Published in:Metabolites 2023-06, Vol.13 (6), p.722
Main Authors: Marini, Herbert Ryan, Bellone, Federica, Catalano, Antonino, Squadrito, Giovanni, Micali, Antonio, Puzzolo, Domenico, Freni, José, Pallio, Giovanni, Minutoli, Letteria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Apoptosis
Biodegradability
Biomarkers
Blood vessels
bone
Cadmium
Care and treatment
Cell death
CKD
Diagnosis
Diet
Dysbacteriosis
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
Intestinal microflora
kidney
Kidney diseases
Kidneys
Lipid peroxidation
Microbiota
Mineralization
oxidative stress
Properties
PTE
Public health
Renal failure
Review
Sediments
Skeleton
Skin
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Summary:Cadmium (Cd) represents a public health risk due to its non-biodegradability and long biological half-life. The main target of Cd is the kidney, where it accumulates. In the present narrative review, we assessed experimental and clinical data dealing with the mechanisms of kidney morphological and functional damage caused by Cd and the state of the art about possible therapeutic managements. Intriguingly, skeleton fragility related to Cd exposure has been demonstrated to be induced both by a direct Cd toxic effect on bone mineralization and by renal failure. Our team and other research groups studied the possible pathophysiological molecular pathways induced by Cd, such as lipid peroxidation, inflammation, programmed cell death, and hormonal kidney discrepancy, that, through further molecular crosstalk, trigger serious glomerular and tubular injury, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, CKD is associated with the presence of dysbiosis, and the results of recent studies have confirmed the altered composition and functions of the gut microbial communities in CKD. Therefore, as recent knowledge demonstrates a strong connection between diet, food components, and CKD management, and also taking into account that gut microbiota are very sensitive to these biological factors and environmental pollutants, nutraceuticals, mainly present in foods typical of the Mediterranean diet, can be considered a safe therapeutic strategy in Cd-induced kidney damage and, accordingly, could help in the prevention and treatment of CKD.
ISSN:2218-1989
2218-1989
DOI:10.3390/metabo13060722