Industrial Applications of Dinoflagellate Phycotoxins Based on Their Modes of Action: A Review

Dinoflagellates are an important group of phytoplanktons, characterized by two dissimilar flagella and distinctive features of both plants and animals. Dinoflagellate-generated harmful algal blooms (HABs) and associated damage frequently occur in coastal areas, which are concomitant with increasing...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2020-12, Vol.12 (12), p.805
Main Authors: Cho, Kichul, Heo, Jina, Han, Jinwook, Hong, Hyun Dae, Jeon, Hancheol, Hwang, Hyun-Ju, Hong, Chang-Yu, Kim, Daekyung, Han, Jong Won, Baek, Kyunghwa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Algal blooms
Anthropogenic factors
Blooms (microorganisms)
Carbon dioxide
Chemical compounds
Climate change
Coastal zone
Coasts
Damage
dinoflagellate
Dinoflagellates
Eutrophication
Fishing industry
Flagella
harmful algal bloom
industrial application
Industrial applications
Microorganisms
Pharmacology
Phycotoxins
Phytoplankton
Poisoning
red tide
Review
Reviews
Shellfish
Toxins
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Summary:Dinoflagellates are an important group of phytoplanktons, characterized by two dissimilar flagella and distinctive features of both plants and animals. Dinoflagellate-generated harmful algal blooms (HABs) and associated damage frequently occur in coastal areas, which are concomitant with increasing eutrophication and climate change derived from anthropogenic waste and atmospheric carbon dioxide, respectively. The severe damage and harmful effects of dinoflagellate phycotoxins in the fishing industry have been recognized over the past few decades, and the management and monitoring of HABs have attracted much attention, leaving aside the industrial application of their valuable toxins. Specific modes of action of the organisms' toxins can effectively be utilized for producing beneficial materials, such as Botox and other therapeutic agents. This review aims to explore the potential industrial applications of marine dinoflagellate phycotoxins; furthermore, this review focuses on their modes of action and summarizes the available knowledge on them.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins12120805