The Protective Role of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Green Seaweed Udotea flabellum in Cells Exposed to Oxidative Damage

• Published in: Marine drugs 2018-04, Vol.16 (4), p.135
• Main Authors: Presa, Fernando Bastos, Marques, Maxsuell Lucas Mendes, Viana, Rony Lucas Silva, Nobre, Leonardo Thiago Duarte Barreto, Costa, Leandro Silva, Rocha, Hugo Alexandre Oliveira
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3T3 Cells; 3T3 fibroblasts; Acetone; Algae; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Ascorbic acid; Biochemical analysis; Capacity; Caspase; Caspase 3 - metabolism; Caspase 9 - metabolism; Caspase-3; Caspase-9; Cell Line; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cells; Chelation; Chlorophyta - chemistry; Copper; Copper sulfate; Damage; Detection; Exposure; Fibroblasts; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Fibroblasts - metabolism; Galactans; Glutathione; green seaweed; Iron; Iron sulfates; Lipid peroxidation; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Lipids; Malondialdehyde; Malondialdehyde - metabolism; Mice; Oxidation; Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Peroxidation; Polysaccharides; Polysaccharides - pharmacology; Protective Agents - pharmacology; Proteolysis; Saccharides; Salts; Seaweed - chemistry; Seaweeds; sulfated galactan; Sulfates - pharmacology; Superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Udotea flabellum
• ISSN: 1660-3397; 1660-3397
• DOI: 10.3390/md16040135

Seaweed is a rich source of bioactive sulfated polysaccharides. We obtained six sulfated polysaccharide-rich fractions (UF-0.3, UF-0.5, UF-0.6, UF-0.7, UF-1.0, and UF-2.0) from the green seaweed (UF) by proteolytic digestion followed by sequential acetone precipitation. Biochemical analysis of these fractions showed that they were enriched with sulfated galactans. The viability and proliferative capacity of 3T3 fibroblasts exposed to FeSO₄ (2 µM), CuSO₄ (1 µM) or ascorbate (2 mM) was not affected. However, these cells were exposed to oxidative stress in the presence of FeSO₄ or CuSO₄ and ascorbate, which caused the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, resulting in apoptosis of the cells. We also observed increased lipid peroxidation, evaluated by the detection of malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. Treating the cells with the ultrafiltrate fractions (UF) fractions protected the cells from the oxidative damage caused by the two salts and ascorbate. The most effective protection against the oxidative damage caused by iron was provided by UF-0.7 (1.0 mg/mL); on treatment with UF-0.7, cell viability was 55%. In the case of copper, cell viability on treatment with UF-0.7 was ~80%, but the most effective fraction in this model was UF-2.0, with cell viability of more than 90%. The fractions, mainly UF-0.7 and UF-2.0, showed low iron chelating activity, but high copper chelating activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). These results suggested that some of their protective mechanisms stem from these properties.