Choroidal Vasculature Changes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: From a Molecular to a Clinical Perspective

The contribution of choroidal vasculature to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been long debated. The present narrative review aims to discuss the primary molecular and choroidal structural changes occurring with aging and AMD with a brief overview of the principal multi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-10, Vol.23 (19), p.12010
Main Authors: Fragiotta, Serena, Scuderi, Luca, Iodice, Clemente Maria, Rullo, Daria, Di Pippo, Mariachiara, Maugliani, Elisa, Abdolrahimzadeh, Solmaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
age-related macular degeneration
Aging
Antigens
choroid
choroidal vascularity index
Growth factors
Histocompatibility antigen HLA
In vivo methods and tests
Macular degeneration
Pathogenesis
Photoreceptors
Polymorphism
Retina
Review
Veins & arteries
Visualization
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Summary:The contribution of choroidal vasculature to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been long debated. The present narrative review aims to discuss the primary molecular and choroidal structural changes occurring with aging and AMD with a brief overview of the principal multimodal imaging modalities and techniques that enable the optimal in vivo visualization of choroidal modifications. The molecular aspects that target the choroid in AMD mainly involve human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, complement dysregulation, leukocyte interaction at Bruch’s membrane, and mast cell infiltration of the choroid. A mechanistic link between high-risk genetic loci for AMD and mast cell recruitment has also been recently demonstrated. Recent advances in multimodal imaging allow more detailed visualization of choroidal structure, identifying alterations that may expand our comprehension of aging and AMD development.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms231912010