Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Natural Drugs

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-11, Vol.26 (23), p.7141
• Main Authors: Csikós, Eszter, Horváth, Adrienn, Ács, Kamilla, Papp, Nóra, Balázs, Viktória Lilla, Dolenc, Marija Sollner, Kenda, Maša, Kočevar Glavač, Nina, Nagy, Milan, Protti, Michele, Mercolini, Laura, Horváth, Györgyi, Farkas, Ágnes, On Behalf Of The Oemonom
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase - drug effects; 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase - genetics; Ablation; Adrenergic receptors; Aging; Aging (natural); Androgens; Angina pectoris; Bark; benign prostatic hyperplasia; Biological Products - chemistry; Biological Products - therapeutic use; Bladder; clinical efficacy; Dihydrotestosterone; Dihydrotestosterone - blood; Disease; Drug therapy; Drugs; Enzymes; Erectile dysfunction; Estrogens; Estrogens - metabolism; Genital diseases; Health services; Herbal medicine; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lifestyles; Male; Medicinal plants; Nocturia; Patients; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Plants, Medicinal - chemistry; Pollen; preclinical studies; Prescription drugs; Prostate; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Hyperplasia - drug therapy; Prostatic Hyperplasia - pathology; Reductases; Review; Rye; saw palmetto; Serenoa - chemistry; Smooth muscle; Surgery; Testosterone; Testosterone - blood; Tomatoes
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237141

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urinary diseases affecting men, generally after the age of 50. The prevalence of this multifactorial disease increases with age. With aging, the plasma level of testosterone decreases, as well as the testosterone/estrogen ratio, resulting in increased estrogen activity, which may facilitate the hyperplasia of the prostate cells. Another theory focuses on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the activity of the enzyme 5α-reductase, which converts testosterone to DHT. In older men, the activity of this enzyme increases, leading to a decreased testosterone/DHT ratio. DHT may promote prostate cell growth, resulting in hyperplasia. Some medicinal plants and their compounds act by modulating this enzyme, and have the above-mentioned targets. This review focuses on herbal drugs that are most widely used in the treatment of BPH, including pumpkin seed, willow herb, tomato, maritime pine bark, Pygeum africanum bark, rye pollen, saw palmetto fruit, and nettle root, highlighting the latest results of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as safety issues. In addition, the pharmaceutical care and other therapeutic options of BPH, including pharmacotherapy and surgical options, are discussed, summarizing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy.