Water quality assessment based on multivariate statistics and water quality index of a strategic river in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Fifty-four water samples were collected between July and December 2019 at nine monitoring stations and fifteen parameters were analysed to provide an updated diagnosis of the Piabanha River water quality. Further, forty years of monitoring were analysed, including government data and previous resear...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2020-12, Vol.10 (1), p.22038-22038, Article 22038
Main Authors: de Andrade Costa, David, Soares de Azevedo, José Paulo, dos Santos, Marco Aurélio, dos Santos Facchetti Vinhaes Assumpção, Rafaela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
704/172
704/286
Diagnosis
Environmental monitoring
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Multivariate analysis
Pollution sources
Principal components analysis
Quality control
Research projects
Rivers
Sanitation
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sewage
Statistical analysis
Water analysis
Water management
Water quality
Water quality assessments
Water quality standards
Water resources
Water sampling
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Summary:Fifty-four water samples were collected between July and December 2019 at nine monitoring stations and fifteen parameters were analysed to provide an updated diagnosis of the Piabanha River water quality. Further, forty years of monitoring were analysed, including government data and previous research projects. A georeferenced database was also built containing water management data. The Water Quality Index from the National Sanitation Foundation (WQI NSF ) was calculated using two datasets and showed an improvement in overall water quality, despite still presenting systematic violations to Brazilian standards. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed the most contributing parameters to water quality and enabled its association with the main pollution sources identified in the geodatabase. PCA showed that sewage discharge is still the main pollution source. The cluster analysis (CA) made possible to recommend the monitoring network optimization, thereby enabling the expansion of the monitoring to other rivers. Finally, the diagnosis provided by this research establishes the first step towards the Framing of water resources according to their intended uses, as established by the Brazilian National Water Resources Policy.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-78563-0