Statistical Analysis of the Level of Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Countries of the European Union

Renewable energy sources (RES) are currently the main alternative to fossil fuels and are also seen as an important contributor to slowing down the dangerous climate change on our planet. Energy supplied from renewable sources can reduce the consumption of primary raw materials and reduce emissions...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2022-11, Vol.15 (21), p.8278
Main Authors: Stec, Małgorzata, Grzebyk, Mariola
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
a multidimensional comparative analysis
Alternative energy sources
Analysis
Biodiesel fuels
Biofuels
classification
Climate change
Comparative analysis
Complex variables
Cooperation
Councils
Electricity
Electricity distribution
Emissions
Emissions control
Energy
Energy consumption
Energy industry
Energy minerals
Energy policy
Energy resources
Energy sources
European Union
Fossil fuels
Global temperature changes
Hypotheses
Kyoto Protocol
Natural gas
Nuclear energy
ranking
Raw materials
renewable energy
Renewable energy sources
Renewable resources
Statistical analysis
synthetic measure
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Summary:Renewable energy sources (RES) are currently the main alternative to fossil fuels and are also seen as an important contributor to slowing down the dangerous climate change on our planet. Energy supplied from renewable sources can reduce the consumption of primary raw materials and reduce emissions of harmful substances that enter the atmosphere in the process of producing electricity and heat, having a negative impact on the environment. This paper provides a multivariate comparative analysis of EU countries in terms of the use of renewable energy. The empirical research used seven variables defining the complex phenomenon under study, collected for 27 EU countries between 2011 and 2020. The research method used was the dynamic version of the non-model method, with a normalisation method based on zero unitarisation. The results of the study confirm that there was a positive change in the use of renewable energy in most EU countries between 2011 and 2020. High levels of renewable energy use were displayed by the Scandinavian countries, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. In contrast, the least renewable energy use was seen in Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en15218278