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Impact of ketamine administration on chronic unpredictable stress‐induced rat model of depression during extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic field exposure: Behavioral, histological and molecular study
Objectives In the study, we examined the effects of ketamine and extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) on depression‐like behavior, learning and memory, expression of GFAP, caspase‐3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptor in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Methods...
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Published in: | Brain and behavior 2023-05, Vol.13 (5), p.e2986-n/a |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Objectives
In the study, we examined the effects of ketamine and extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) on depression‐like behavior, learning and memory, expression of GFAP, caspase‐3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptor in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).
Methods
After applying 21 days of chronic unpredictable stress, male rats received intraperitoneal (IP) of ketamine (5 mg/kg) and then were exposed to ELF‐EMF (10‐Hz, 10‐mT exposure conditions) for 3 days (3 h per day) and behavioral assessments were performed 24 h after the treatments. Instantly after the last behavioral test, the brain was extracted for Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and real‐time PCR analyses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to assess the effect of ketamine and ELF‐EMF on the expression of astrocyte marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Also, real‐time PCR analyses were used to investigate the impacts of the combination of ketamine and ELF‐EMF on the expression of caspase3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus in rats submitted to the CUS procedure. Results were considered statistically significant when p |
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ISSN: | 2162-3279 2162-3279 |
DOI: | 10.1002/brb3.2986 |