Diagnostic accuracy of calprotectin in periprosthetic joint infection: a diagnostic meta-analysis

• Published in: Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.11-11, Article 11
• Main Authors: Xing, Jisi, Li, Jiahao, Yan, Zijian, Li, Yijin, Liu, Xiaofang, He, Lilei, Xu, Ting, Wang, Changbing, Zhao, Lilian, Jie, Ke
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accuracy; Analysis; Arthritis, Infectious - blood; Arthritis, Infectious - diagnosis; Arthroplasty, Replacement - adverse effects; Bias; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Calprotectin; Diagnosis; Female; Health aspects; Humans; Infection; Infections; Joint diseases; Joint Prosthesis - adverse effects; Joint replacement; Joint surgery; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex - blood; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Meta-analysis; Orthopedics; Periprosthetic joint infection; Prostheses; Prosthesis-Related Infections - blood; Prosthesis-Related Infections - diagnosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Software; Statistical analysis; Synovial Fluid - metabolism
• ISSN: 1749-799X; 1749-799X
• DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02895-4

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is considered to be one of the most challenging complications of joint replacement, which remains unpredictable. As a simple and emerging biomarker, calprotectin (CLP) has been considered to be useful in ruling out PJI in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy and sensitivity of CLP in the diagnosis of PJI. We searched and screened the publications from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from database establishment to June 2021. Subsequently, Stata version 16.0 software was used to combine the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve (AUC). Heterogeneity across articles was evaluated by the I statistics. Finally, sources of heterogeneity were detected by subgroup analysis based on study design, detection method, sample size, and cutoff values. A total of 7 studies were included in our study, comprising 525 patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR of CLP for PJI diagnosis were 0.94(95% CI 0.87-0.98), 0.93(95% CI 0.87-0.96), 13.65(95% CI 6.89-27.08), and 0.06(95% CI 0.02-0.15), respectively, while the DOR and AUC were 222.33(95% CI 52.52-941.11) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99), respectively. Synovial CLP is a reliable biomarker and can be used as a diagnostic criterion for PJI in the future. However, the uncertainty resulting from the poor study numbers and sample sizes limit our ability to definitely draw conclusions on the basis of our study.