Real Time Monitoring of Calcium Oxalate Precipitation Reaction by Using Corrosion Resistant Magnetoelastic Resonance Sensors

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-05, Vol.20 (10), p.2802
• Main Authors: Sisniega, Beatriz, Sagasti Sedano, Ariane, Gutiérrez, Jon, García-Arribas, Alfredo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amorphous alloys; Calcium chloride; Calcium phosphates; Calibration; chemical sensor; Chloride; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Ferromagnetic materials; Ferromagnetism; Frequency shift; Kidney stones; Magnetic alloys; Magnetic fields; magnetoelasticity; mass measurement; Metabolism; Monitoring; Oxalic acid; precipitation; Pretreatment; Real time; Resonators; Sensitivity; Sensors; Urine; Urogenital system
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s20102802

The magnetoelastic resonance is used to monitor the precipitation reaction of calcium oxalate () crystals in real-time, by measuring the shift of the resonance frequency caused by the mass increase on the resonator. With respect to previous work on the same matter, the novelty lies in the adoption of an amorphous ferromagnetic alloy, of composition , as resonator, that replaces the commercial Metglas 2826 alloy (composition ). The enhanced corrosion resistance of this material allows it to be used in biological environments without any pre-treatment of its surface. Additionally, the measurement method, which has been specifically adapted to this application, allows quick registration of the whole resonance curve as a function of the excitation frequency, and thus enhances the resolution and decreases the detection noise. The frequency shift is calibrated by the static deposition of well-known masses of . The resonator dimensions have been selected to improve sensitivity. A 20 mm long, 2 mm wide and 25 m thick magnetoelastic resonator has been used to monitor the precipitation reaction of calcium oxalate in a 500 s time interval. The results of the detected precipitated mass when oxalic acid and calcium chloride are mixed in different concentrations (30 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM) are presented as a function of time. The results show that the sensor is capable of monitoring the precipitation reaction. The mass sensitivity obtained, and the corrosion resistance of the material, suggest that this material can perform excellently in monitoring this type of reaction.