EPR and Related Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Cancer Research

Imaging tumor microenvironments such as hypoxia, oxygenation, redox status, and/or glycolytic metabolism in tissues/cells is useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. New imaging modalities are under development for imaging various aspects of tumor microenvironments. Electron Paramagnetic Reson...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metabolites 2023-01, Vol.13 (1), p.69
Main Authors: Takakusagi, Yoichi, Kobayashi, Ryoma, Saito, Keita, Kishimoto, Shun, Krishna, Murali C, Murugesan, Ramachandran, Matsumoto, Ken-Ichiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer research
Cancer therapies
Contrast media
electron paramagnetic resonance imaging
Electron spin resonance
electron spin resonance imaging
Free radicals
Glycolysis
Hemoglobin
Hypoxia
Magnetic fields
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical research
Metabolism
Metabolites
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Overhauser-enhanced MRI
oxygen mapping
Polarization
Radiation therapy
redox imaging
Review
spectral–spatial imaging
Spin probes
Tumor microenvironment
Tumors
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Summary:Imaging tumor microenvironments such as hypoxia, oxygenation, redox status, and/or glycolytic metabolism in tissues/cells is useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. New imaging modalities are under development for imaging various aspects of tumor microenvironments. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging (EPRI) though similar to NMR/MRI is unique in its ability to provide quantitative images of pO in vivo. The short electron spin relaxation times have been posing formidable challenge to the technology development for clinical application. With the availability of the narrow line width trityl compounds, pulsed EPR imaging techniques were developed for pO imaging. EPRI visualizes the exogenously administered spin probes/contrast agents and hence lacks the complementary morphological information. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a phenomenon that transfers the high electron spin polarization to the surrounding nuclear spins ( H and C) opened new capabilities in molecular imaging. DNP of C nuclei is utilized in metabolic imaging of 13C-labeled compounds by imaging specific enzyme kinetics. In this article, imaging strategies mapping physiologic and metabolic aspects in vivo are reviewed within the framework of their application in cancer research, highlighting the potential and challenges of each of them.
ISSN:2218-1989
2218-1989
DOI:10.3390/metabo13010069