Partial Enteral Nutrition Preserves Elements of Gut Barrier Function, Including Innate Immunity, Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (IAP) Level, and Intestinal Microbiota in Mice

• Published in: Nutrients 2015-08, Vol.7 (8), p.6294-6312
• Main Authors: Wan, Xiao, Bi, Jingcheng, Gao, Xuejin, Tian, Feng, Wang, Xinying, Li, Ning, Li, Jieshou
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism; Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Translocation; Bacteroidetes; Clinical outcomes; Enteral Nutrition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics; gut barrier; Immunity, Innate; innate immunity; intestinal alkaline phosphatase; intestinal microbiota; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism; Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology; Intestinal Mucosa - pathology; Intestines - metabolism; Intestines - microbiology; Intestines - pathology; Laboratory animals; Male; Medical research; Mice; Microbiota; Mucin-2 - genetics; Mucin-2 - metabolism; Muramidase - genetics; Muramidase - metabolism; Nutrition; Parenteral nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition - methods; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; partial enteral nutrition; Phosphatase; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tenericutes
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu7085288

Lack of enteral nutrition (EN) during parenteral nutrition (PN) leads to higher incidence of infection because of gut barrier dysfunction. However, the effects of partial EN on intestina linnate immunity, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and microbiota remain unclear. The mice were randomized into six groups to receive either standard chow or isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutritional support with variable partial EN to PN ratios. Five days later, the mice were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected. Bacterial translocation, the levels of lysozyme, mucin 2 (MUC2), and IAP were analyzed. The composition of intestinal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Compared with chow, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) resulted in a dysfunctional mucosal barrier, as evidenced by increased bacterial translocation (p < 0.05), loss of lysozyme, MUC2, and IAP, and changes in the gut microbiota (p < 0.001). Administration of 20% EN supplemented with PN significantly increased the concentrations of lysozyme, MUC2, IAP, and the mRNA levels of lysozyme and MUC2 (p < 0.001). The percentages of Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes were significantly lower in the 20% EN group than in the TPN group (p < 0.001). These changes were accompanied by maintained barrier function in bacterial culture (p < 0.05). Supplementation of PN with 20% EN preserves gut barrier function, by way of maintaining innate immunity, IAP and intestinal microbiota.