Soil amendment with chopped or ground dry leaves of six species of plants for the control of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato under greenhouse conditions/Incorporacao ao solo de folhas secas picadas ou moidas de seis especies de plantas para o controle de Meloidogyne javanica em tomateiro em casa de vegetacao

• Published in: Ciência rural 2011-06, Vol.41 (6), p.935-938
• Main Authors: Lopes, Everaldo Antonio, Ferraz, Silamar, Ferreira, Paulo Afonso, de Freitas, Leandro Grassi, Dallemole-Giaretta, Rosangela
• Format: Article
• Language: eng ; spa
• Subjects: capim-cidreira; castor; eucalipto; eucalyptus; lemon-grass; mamona; manga e assa-peixe; mango and assa-peixe; material orgânico; neem; nematoide-das-galhas; nim; organic amendment; root-knot nematodes; Roundworms; Soil amendments
• ISSN: 0103-8478; 1678-4596
• DOI: 10.1590/S0103-84782011000600003

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of soil amendment with chopped (1[cm.sup.2]) or ground (1mm sieve) dry leaves of assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes), lemon-grass (Cymbopogon citratus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora), castor (Ricinus communis), mango (Mangifera indica) or neem (Azadirachta indica) for the control Meloidogyne javanica. Into the soil (Yellow red oxisol) of each pot were added leaves (5g [kg.sup.-1] of soil) and 5,000 eggs of the nematode. After seven days, one tomato seedling "Santa Cruz Kada" was transplanted to each pot. The tomato root weight, galls and eggs/root system were determined 60 days after transplant. None of the soil amendments reduced gall or eggs, when applied as leaf pieces. However, all tested plant species reduced the gall number, when they were incorporated into the soil as powder, and maximum nematode suppression occurred in soil amended with neem leaves (61%). The amendment with ground leaves of castor, neem, eucalyptus and lemon-grass reduced the number of eggs, with maximum reduction occurring in soil amended with ground castor leaves (69%), evidencing that these organic amendments can be an alternative for M. javanica control in tomato. Further studies are required under field conditions to confirm the potential of these organic amendments on the control of M. javanica. Key words: root-knot nematodes, organic amendment, castor, neem, eucalyptus, lemon-grass, mango and assa-peixe. Experimentos em casa de vegetacao foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adicao ao solo de folhas secas picadas (1[cm.sup.2]) ou trituradas (peneira de 1mm) de assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes), capim-limao (Cymbopogon citratus), eucalipto (Eucalyptus citriodora), mamona (Ricinus communis), manga (Mangifera indica) ou nim (Azadirachta indica) para o controle de Meloidogyne javanica. Ao solo de cada vaso (latossolo vermelho-amarelo), foram adicionadas folhas (5g [kg.sup.-1]1 de solo) e 5.000 ovos do nematoide. Apos sete dias, uma muda de tomateiro "Santa Cruz Kada " foi transplantada em cada vaso. O peso das raizes e os numeros de galhas e de ovos foram avaliados 60 dias apos o transplantio. As folhas picadas de nenhuma planta reduziram o numero de galhas e de ovos. Entretanto, as folhas de todas as plantas estudadas reduziram o numero de galhas quando foram incorporadas ao solo na forma de po e a maxima supressao foi obtida com as folhas de nim (61%). A adicao ao solo de folhas trituradas de mamona