Identification of Suppressor of Clathrin Deficiency-1 (SCD1) and Its Connection to Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• Published in: G3 : genes - genomes - genetics 2019-03, Vol.9 (3), p.867-877
• Main Authors: Moorthy, Balaji T, Sharma, Anupam, Boettner, Douglas R, Wilson, Thomas E, Lemmon, Sandra K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Clathrin; Endocytosis; Genetic Loci; Investigations; membrane trafficking; pooled linkage analysis; Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics; Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - physiology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism; Whole Genome Sequencing
• ISSN: 2160-1836; 2160-1836
• DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200782

Abstract Clathrin is a major coat protein involved in vesicle formation during endocytosis and transport in the endosomal/trans Golgi system. Clathrin is required for normal growth of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in some genetic backgrounds deletion of the clathrin heavy chain gene (CHC1) is lethal. Our lab defined a locus referred to as “suppressor of clathrin deficiency” (SCD1). In the presence of the scd1-v allele (“v” – viable), yeast cells lacking clathrin heavy chain survive but grow slowly, are morphologically abnormal and have many membrane trafficking defects. In the presence of scd1-i (“i”- inviable), chc1∆ causes lethality. As a strategy to identify SCD1, we used pooled linkage analysis and whole genome sequencing. Here, we report that PAL2 (YHR097C) is the SCD1 locus. pal2∆ is synthetic lethal with chc1∆; whereas a deletion of its paralog, PAL1, is not synthetic lethal with clathrin deficiency. Like Pal1, Pal2 has two NPF motifs that are potential binding sites for EH domain proteins such as the early endocytic factor Ede1, and Pal2 associates with Ede1. Also, GFP-tagged Pal2p localizes to cortical patches containing other immobile phase endocytic coat factors. Overall, our data show that PAL2 is the SCD1 locus and the Pal2 protein has characteristics of an early factor involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis.