Organic Electronics Circuitry for In Situ Real‐Time Processing of Electrophysiological Signals

• Published in: Advanced materials interfaces 2023-12, Vol.10 (34), p.n/a
• Main Authors: De Salvo, Anna, Rondelli, Federico, Di Lauro, Michele, Tomassini, Alice, Greco, Pierpaolo, Stieglitz, Thomas, Fadiga, Luciano, Biscarini, Fabio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Brain; Brain research; Circuits; Electrodes; Electrolytes; electrolyte‐gated organic transistors; Electronics; Expected values; Filtration; Man-machine interfaces; organic bioelectronics; organic electronic filters; Passive components; Peripheral nervous system; Power consumption; real‐time signal processing; Receivers & amplifiers; Signal generation; Signal processing; signal sorting; Signal transduction; Transistors
• ISSN: 2196-7350; 2196-7350
• DOI: 10.1002/admi.202300583

The next generation of brain–machine interfaces are envisioned to couple signal transduction, filtering, and sorting on board with minimum power consumption and maximum bio‐integrability. These functional needs shall be mandatorily met in order to design efficient closed‐loop brain–machine interfaces aimed at treating and monitoring various disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. Here, the pivotal role is highlighted that organic bioelectronics may have in the contextual development of all these three desiderata, by demonstrating a modular organic‐electronics circuit toward real‐time signal filtering. The inherent filtering capabilities of electrolyte‐gated organic transistor are tuned via adjustment of operational conditions and benchmarked in an electromyography experiment. Additionally, a whole‐organic signal processing circuitry is presented, coupling such transistors with ad hoc designed organic passive components. This provides the possibility to sort complex signals into their constitutive frequency components in real time, thereby delineating innovative strategies to devise organic‐based functional building‐blocks for brain–machine interfaces. An organic electronic platform for in situ real‐time signal processing is benchmarked against complex signals. Low‐, high‐ and band‐pass filters are achieved with organic analogs of passive circuit components and coupled to first‐stage amplifiers based on electrolyte‐gated organic transistors, fostering organic bio‐electronics integration in brain–machine interfaces, aiming at on board signal processing with lowered time and power consumption.