A deep learning based approach for extracting Arabic handwriting: applied calligraphy and old cursive

• Published in: PeerJ. Computer science 2023-12, Vol.9, p.e1465-e1465, Article e1465
• Main Authors: Zerdoumi, Saber, Jhanjhi, N Z, Ariyaluran Habeeb, Riyaz Ahamed, Hashem, Ibrahim Abaker Targio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alphabets; Arabic language; Artificial Intelligence; Calligraphy; Computer Vision; Data mining; Data Mining and Machine Learning; Deep learning; Degeneration; Handwriting; Identification; Localization; Machine learning; Morphology; Neural networks; Object recognition (Computers); Orthography; Pattern Recognition; Penmanship; Recognition; Scripts; Surface structure; Writing
• ISSN: 2376-5992; 2376-5992
• DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1465

Based on the results of this research, a new method for separating Arabic offline text is presented. This method finds the core splitter between the "Middle" and "Lower" zones by looking for sharp character degeneration in those zones. With the exception of script localization and the essential feature of determining which direction a starting point is pointing, the baseline also functions as a delimiter for horizontal projections. Despite the fact that the bottom half of the characteristics is utilized to differentiate the modifiers in zones, the top half of the characteristics is not. This method works best when the baseline is able to divide features into the bottom zone and the middle zone in a complex pattern where it is hard to find the alphabet, like in ancient scripts. Furthermore, this technique performed well when it came to distinguishing Arabic text, including calligraphy. With the zoning system, the aim is to decrease the number of different element classes that are associated with the total number of alphabets used in Arabic cursive writing. The components are identified using the pixel value origin and center reign (CR) technique, which is combined with letter morphology to achieve complete word-level identification. Using the upper baseline and lower baseline together, this proposed technique produces a consistent Arabic pattern, which is intended to improve identification rates by increasing the number of matches. For Mediterranean keywords (cities in Algeria and Tunisia), the suggested approach makes use of indicators that the correctness of the Othmani and Arabic scripts is greater than 98.14 percent and 90.16 percent, respectively, based on 84 and 117 verses. As a consequence of the auditing method and the assessment section's structure and software, the major problems were identified, with a few of them being specifically highlighted.