Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: The Need of Cell Priming for Cell-Free Therapies in Regenerative Medicine

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that support homeostasis during tissue regeneration. In the last decade, cell therapies based on the use of MSCs have emerged as a promising strategy in the field of regenerative medicine. Although these cells possess robust ther...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-01, Vol.22 (2), p.763
Main Authors: Miceli, Vitale, Bulati, Matteo, Iannolo, Gioacchin, Zito, Giovanni, Gallo, Alessia, Conaldi, Pier Giulio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenesis
Cell culture
cell-free therapies
Chemical compounds
Clinical trials
Cytokines
Exosomes
Fibrosis
Genotype & phenotype
Homeostasis
Hypoxia
Immunomodulation
Inflammation
Ischemia
Literature reviews
Liver
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells
Mesenchyme
Microenvironments
paracrine mechanism
Paracrine signalling
Pharmaceuticals
priming
Progenitor cells
Regeneration (physiology)
Regenerative medicine
Review
Secretome
Skin
Stem cells
Stimulation
Tissue engineering
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Summary:Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that support homeostasis during tissue regeneration. In the last decade, cell therapies based on the use of MSCs have emerged as a promising strategy in the field of regenerative medicine. Although these cells possess robust therapeutic properties that can be applied in the treatment of different diseases, variables in preclinical and clinical trials lead to inconsistent outcomes. MSC therapeutic effects result from the secretion of bioactive molecules affected by either local microenvironment or MSC culture conditions. Hence, MSC paracrine action is currently being explored in several clinical settings either using a conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived exosomes (EXOs), where these products modulate tissue responses in different types of injuries. In this scenario, MSC paracrine mechanisms provide a promising framework for enhancing MSC therapeutic benefits, where the composition of secretome can be modulated by priming of the MSCs. In this review, we examine the literature on the priming of MSCs as a tool to enhance their therapeutic properties applicable to the main processes involved in tissue regeneration, including the reduction of fibrosis, the immunomodulation, the stimulation of angiogenesis, and the stimulation of resident progenitor cells, thereby providing new insights for the therapeutic use of MSCs-derived products.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22020763