Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of bone metastasis in breast cancer: current status and future directions

The most common site of metastasis in breast cancer is the bone, where the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation is disrupted. This imbalance causes osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer, which leads to bone pain, pathological fractures, spi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell & bioscience 2023-12, Vol.13 (1), p.1-224, Article 224
Main Authors: Wang, Shenkangle, Wu, Wenxin, Lin, Xixi, Zhang, Kevin Matthew, Wu, QingLiang, Luo, Mingpeng, Zhou, Jichun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Biopsy
Bone cancer
Bone growth
Bone metastasis
Bone resorption
Breast cancer
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Cell culture
Denosumab
Epidemiology
Fractures
Hypercalcemia
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical prognosis
Metastases
Metastasis
Microenvironment
Oncology, Experimental
Organoids
Osteogenesis
Osteolysis
Pain
Pathophysiology
Patients
Phosphatase
Precision medicine
Prediction
Prognosis
Quality of life
Review
Spinal cord
Tomography
X-rays
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Summary:The most common site of metastasis in breast cancer is the bone, where the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation is disrupted. This imbalance causes osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer, which leads to bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and other skeletal-related events (SREs). These complications reduce patients' quality of life significantly and have a profound impact on prognosis. In this review, we begin by providing a brief overview of the epidemiology of bone metastasis in breast cancer, including current diagnostic tools, treatment approaches, and existing challenges. Then, we will introduce the pathophysiology of breast cancer bone metastasis (BCBM) and the animal models involved in the study of BCBM. We then come to the focus of this paper: a discussion of several biomarkers that have the potential to provide predictive and prognostic value in the context of BCBM—some of which may be particularly compatible with more comprehensive liquid biopsies. Beyond that, we briefly explore the potential of new technologies such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models, which will improve our understanding of tumor heterogeneity and aid in the development of improved biomarkers. The emerging biomarkers discussed hold promise for future clinical application, aiding in the prevention of BCBM, improving the prognosis of patients, and guiding the implementation of personalized medicine.
ISSN:2045-3701
2045-3701
DOI:10.1186/s13578-023-01171-8