Maritime Moving Target Reconstruction via MBLCFD in Staggered SAR System

• Published in: Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-05, Vol.16 (9), p.1550
• Main Authors: Qi, Xin, Zhang, Yun, Jiang, Yicheng, Liu, Zitao, Ma, Xinyue, Liu, Xuan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Artificial satellites in remote sensing; Defocusing; Frequency distribution; Image reconstruction; Lag time; maritime target refocusing; Moving targets; Pitch (inclination); Pulse repetition interval; radar data processing; Rolling motion; Sampling; Satellites; staggered mode; Synthetic aperture radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Time-frequency analysis; Velocity; Yaw
• ISSN: 2072-4292; 2072-4292
• DOI: 10.3390/rs16091550

Imaging maritime targets requires a high resolution and wide swath (HWRS) in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR). When operated with a variable pulse repetition interval (PRI), a staggered SAR can realize HRWS imaging, which needs to be reconstructed due to echo pulse loss and a nonuniformly sampled signal along the azimuth. The existing reconstruction algorithms are designed for stationary scenes in a staggered SAR mode, and thus, produce evident image defocusing caused by complex target motion for moving targets. Typically, the nonuniform sampling and complex motion of maritime targets aggravate the spectrum aliasing in a staggered SAR mode, causing inevitable ambiguity and degradation in its reconstruction performance. To this end, this study analyzed the spectrum of maritime targets in a staggered SAR system through theoretical derivation. After this, a reconstruction method named MBLCFD (Modified Best Linear Unbaised and Complex-Lag Time-Frequency Distribution) is proposed to refocus the blurred maritime target. First, the signal model of the maritime target with 3D rotation accompanying roll–pitch–yaw movement was established under the curved orbit of the satellite. The best linear unbiased (BLU) method was modified to alleviate the coupling of nonuniform sampling and target motion. A precise SAR algorithm was performed based on the method of inverse reversion to counteract the effect of a curved orbit and wide swath. Based on the hybrid SAR/ISAR technique, the complex-lag time-frequency distribution was exploited to refocus the maritime target images. Simulations and experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, providing precise refocusing performance in staggered mode.