Ultrasonic Monitoring of the Water Content in Concentrated Water–Petroleum Emulsions Using the Slope of the Phase Spectrum

This work proposes the slope of the phase spectrum as a signal processing parameter for the ultrasonic monitoring of the water content of water-in-crude oil emulsions. Experimental measurements, with water volume fractions from 0 to 0.48 and test temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, were carried...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-09, Vol.22 (19), p.7236
Main Authors: Franco, Ediguer E., Reyna, Carlos A. B., Durán, Alberto L., Buiochi, Flávio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Backscattering
Communication
Crude oil
Measuring instruments
Moisture content
Monitoring
phase slope
Process parameters
Signal processing
Temperature effects
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasonic methods
ultrasound
Velocity
volume fraction
water–petroleum emulsion
Wave power
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Summary:This work proposes the slope of the phase spectrum as a signal processing parameter for the ultrasonic monitoring of the water content of water-in-crude oil emulsions. Experimental measurements, with water volume fractions from 0 to 0.48 and test temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, were carried out using ultrasonic measurement devices operating in transmission–reception and backscattering modes. The results show the phase slope depends on the water volume fraction and, to a lesser extent, on the size of the emulsion droplets, leading to a stable behavior over time. Conversely, the behavior of the phase slope as a function of the volume fraction is monotonic with low dispersion. Fitting a power function to the experimental data provides calibration curves that can be used to determine the water content with percentage relative error up to 70% for a water volume fraction of 0.06, but less than 10% for water volume fractions greater than 0.06. Furthermore, the methodology works over a wide range of volume fractions.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s22197236