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Vitamin D deficiency and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: A case‒control study
Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, most of these patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection...
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| Published in: | BMC infectious diseases 2024-02, Vol.24 (1), p.217-217, Article 217 |
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| creator | Tehrani, Shabnam Abbasian, Ladan Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali Hasannezhad, Malihe Ghaderkhani, Sara Keyvanfar, Amirreza Darvishi, Azar Aghdaee, AmirHossein |
| description | Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, most of these patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection.
This case‒control study was conducted on HIV-infected patients. Cases were patients with oral candidiasis diagnosed based on physical examinations. Controls were age- and sex-matched individuals without oral candidiasis. The levels of 25-OH vitamin D and other laboratory markers (CD4 count and viral load) were compared between the case and control groups.
A total of 104 cases and 102 controls were included in the study. The cases had significantly lower 25-OH vitamin D
levels (MD = 33.86 ng/mL, 95% CI= (31.85, 35.87), P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s12879-024-09065-x |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_761752135b014209820ac81474d24821</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A783072039</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_761752135b014209820ac81474d24821</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A783072039</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c632t-7b36a302f68d67eb4405350b6ed56742e29fe0e7777dd33ce64635819fb58a6f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkstuEzEUhi0EoiXwAizQSGxgMcWX8WXYoKhcGqlSJS7ZGo_tSR1NxunYA82OZ-AReRJOmlIliAWeha3j7_wj_-dH6CnBJ4Qo8SoRqmRdYlqVuMaCl9f30DGpJCkpY9X9vfMRepTSEmMiFa0foiOmmGQ1q4_R13nIZhX64m3hfBts8L3dFKZ3RRxMV1g4BRdMCqkAaG0yADkV30O-LM5mcyi23uYQ-9fFFOjkf_34aWOfh9gVKY9u8xg9aE2X_JPbfYK-vH_3-fSsPL_4MDudnpdWMJpL2TBhGKatUE5I31QV5ozjRnjHhayop3XrsZewnGPMelEJxhWp24YrI1o2QbOdrotmqddDWJlho6MJ-qYQh4U2Qw6281oKIjkljDeYVBTXimJjFZhVOVopuJigNzut9disvLPwZDDjQPTwpg-XehG_aYKV5AorUHhxqzDEq9GnrFchWd91pvdxTJrWVCnORSUBff4Xuozj0INXQHGhOBZyj1oYeAG4HuHHdiuqp1IxLCmGgU7QyT8o-JxfBRgLTBjqBw0vDxq2o_PXeWHGlPTs08f_Zy_mhyzdsXaIKQ2-vTOPYL0Nr96FV0N49U149TU0Pdu3_a7lT1rZbwzO5jc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2956850677</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Vitamin D deficiency and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: A case‒control study</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Tehrani, Shabnam ; Abbasian, Ladan ; Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali ; Hasannezhad, Malihe ; Ghaderkhani, Sara ; Keyvanfar, Amirreza ; Darvishi, Azar ; Aghdaee, AmirHossein</creator><creatorcontrib>Tehrani, Shabnam ; Abbasian, Ladan ; Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali ; Hasannezhad, Malihe ; Ghaderkhani, Sara ; Keyvanfar, Amirreza ; Darvishi, Azar ; Aghdaee, AmirHossein</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, most of these patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection.
This case‒control study was conducted on HIV-infected patients. Cases were patients with oral candidiasis diagnosed based on physical examinations. Controls were age- and sex-matched individuals without oral candidiasis. The levels of 25-OH vitamin D and other laboratory markers (CD4 count and viral load) were compared between the case and control groups.
A total of 104 cases and 102 controls were included in the study. The cases had significantly lower 25-OH vitamin D
levels (MD = 33.86 ng/mL, 95% CI= (31.85, 35.87), P < 0.001) and CD4 counts (MD = 267.48 cells/mm
, 95% CI= (189.55, 345.41), P < 0.001) than the controls. In addition, viral load was significantly higher in cases than in controls (MD = 7.03 × 10
copies/mL, 95% CI= (4.46 × 10
, 9.61 × 10
), P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that educational status (OR = 0.032, 95% CI= (0.002, 0.100), P < 0.001), current HAART (OR = 0.005, 95% CI= (0.001, 0.014), P < 0.001), history of oral candidiasis (OR = 20.114, 95% CI= (18.135, 21.957), P < 0.001), CD4 count (OR = 0.004, 95% CI= (0.001, 0.006), P < 0.001), viral load (OR = 12.181, 95% CI= (1.108, 133.392), P < 0.001), and vitamin D level (OR = 0.011, 95% CI= (0.008, 0.015), P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of developing oral candidiasis.
Based on the findings, most patients with HIV infection suffer from vitamin D deficiency, especially those with oral candidiasis. Hypovitaminosis D was significantly associated with an increased risk of oral candidiasis. Thus, vitamin D supplementation may assist HIV-positive patients in improving their oral health and preventing oral candidiasis.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-2334</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2334</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09065-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38373939</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; AIDS ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS research ; Alfacalcidol ; Antifungal agents ; B cells ; Calcifediol ; Calciferol ; Candidiasis ; Care and treatment ; CD4 antigen ; Comparative analysis ; Complications and side effects ; Control ; Development and progression ; Dietary supplements ; Drug resistance ; Drug therapy ; Efavirenz ; Health aspects ; Highly active antiretroviral therapy ; HIV ; HIV (Viruses) ; HIV infection ; HIV patients ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Immune system ; Immunocompetence ; Infections ; Malnutrition ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Opportunist infection ; Opportunistic infections ; Oral candidiasis ; Patient compliance ; Patients ; Physical examinations ; Pilot projects ; Regression analysis ; Sample size ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; STD ; Thrush (Mouth disease) ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Vitamin D3 ; Vitamin deficiency</subject><ispartof>BMC infectious diseases, 2024-02, Vol.24 (1), p.217-217, Article 217</ispartof><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2024. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c632t-7b36a302f68d67eb4405350b6ed56742e29fe0e7777dd33ce64635819fb58a6f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c632t-7b36a302f68d67eb4405350b6ed56742e29fe0e7777dd33ce64635819fb58a6f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10875808/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2956850677?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38373939$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tehrani, Shabnam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbasian, Ladan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hasannezhad, Malihe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghaderkhani, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keyvanfar, Amirreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darvishi, Azar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aghdaee, AmirHossein</creatorcontrib><title>Vitamin D deficiency and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: A case‒control study</title><title>BMC infectious diseases</title><addtitle>BMC Infect Dis</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, most of these patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection.
This case‒control study was conducted on HIV-infected patients. Cases were patients with oral candidiasis diagnosed based on physical examinations. Controls were age- and sex-matched individuals without oral candidiasis. The levels of 25-OH vitamin D and other laboratory markers (CD4 count and viral load) were compared between the case and control groups.
A total of 104 cases and 102 controls were included in the study. The cases had significantly lower 25-OH vitamin D
levels (MD = 33.86 ng/mL, 95% CI= (31.85, 35.87), P < 0.001) and CD4 counts (MD = 267.48 cells/mm
, 95% CI= (189.55, 345.41), P < 0.001) than the controls. In addition, viral load was significantly higher in cases than in controls (MD = 7.03 × 10
copies/mL, 95% CI= (4.46 × 10
, 9.61 × 10
), P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that educational status (OR = 0.032, 95% CI= (0.002, 0.100), P < 0.001), current HAART (OR = 0.005, 95% CI= (0.001, 0.014), P < 0.001), history of oral candidiasis (OR = 20.114, 95% CI= (18.135, 21.957), P < 0.001), CD4 count (OR = 0.004, 95% CI= (0.001, 0.006), P < 0.001), viral load (OR = 12.181, 95% CI= (1.108, 133.392), P < 0.001), and vitamin D level (OR = 0.011, 95% CI= (0.008, 0.015), P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of developing oral candidiasis.
Based on the findings, most patients with HIV infection suffer from vitamin D deficiency, especially those with oral candidiasis. Hypovitaminosis D was significantly associated with an increased risk of oral candidiasis. Thus, vitamin D supplementation may assist HIV-positive patients in improving their oral health and preventing oral candidiasis.]]></description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>AIDS (Disease)</subject><subject>AIDS research</subject><subject>Alfacalcidol</subject><subject>Antifungal agents</subject><subject>B cells</subject><subject>Calcifediol</subject><subject>Calciferol</subject><subject>Candidiasis</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Efavirenz</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Highly active antiretroviral therapy</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV (Viruses)</subject><subject>HIV infection</subject><subject>HIV patients</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunocompetence</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Malnutrition</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Opportunist infection</subject><subject>Opportunistic infections</subject><subject>Oral candidiasis</subject><subject>Patient compliance</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Physical examinations</subject><subject>Pilot projects</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Sexually transmitted diseases</subject><subject>STD</subject><subject>Thrush (Mouth disease)</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D deficiency</subject><subject>Vitamin D3</subject><subject>Vitamin 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Ghaderkhani, Sara ; Keyvanfar, Amirreza ; Darvishi, Azar ; Aghdaee, AmirHossein</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c632t-7b36a302f68d67eb4405350b6ed56742e29fe0e7777dd33ce64635819fb58a6f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</topic><topic>AIDS</topic><topic>AIDS (Disease)</topic><topic>AIDS research</topic><topic>Alfacalcidol</topic><topic>Antifungal agents</topic><topic>B cells</topic><topic>Calcifediol</topic><topic>Calciferol</topic><topic>Candidiasis</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>Development and progression</topic><topic>Dietary supplements</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Efavirenz</topic><topic>Health 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Shabnam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbasian, Ladan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hasannezhad, Malihe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghaderkhani, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keyvanfar, Amirreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darvishi, Azar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aghdaee, AmirHossein</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public 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study</atitle><jtitle>BMC infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2024-02-19</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>217</spage><epage>217</epage><pages>217-217</pages><artnum>217</artnum><issn>1471-2334</issn><eissn>1471-2334</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, most of these patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection.
This case‒control study was conducted on HIV-infected patients. Cases were patients with oral candidiasis diagnosed based on physical examinations. Controls were age- and sex-matched individuals without oral candidiasis. The levels of 25-OH vitamin D and other laboratory markers (CD4 count and viral load) were compared between the case and control groups.
A total of 104 cases and 102 controls were included in the study. The cases had significantly lower 25-OH vitamin D
levels (MD = 33.86 ng/mL, 95% CI= (31.85, 35.87), P < 0.001) and CD4 counts (MD = 267.48 cells/mm
, 95% CI= (189.55, 345.41), P < 0.001) than the controls. In addition, viral load was significantly higher in cases than in controls (MD = 7.03 × 10
copies/mL, 95% CI= (4.46 × 10
, 9.61 × 10
), P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that educational status (OR = 0.032, 95% CI= (0.002, 0.100), P < 0.001), current HAART (OR = 0.005, 95% CI= (0.001, 0.014), P < 0.001), history of oral candidiasis (OR = 20.114, 95% CI= (18.135, 21.957), P < 0.001), CD4 count (OR = 0.004, 95% CI= (0.001, 0.006), P < 0.001), viral load (OR = 12.181, 95% CI= (1.108, 133.392), P < 0.001), and vitamin D level (OR = 0.011, 95% CI= (0.008, 0.015), P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of developing oral candidiasis.
Based on the findings, most patients with HIV infection suffer from vitamin D deficiency, especially those with oral candidiasis. Hypovitaminosis D was significantly associated with an increased risk of oral candidiasis. Thus, vitamin D supplementation may assist HIV-positive patients in improving their oral health and preventing oral candidiasis.]]></abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>38373939</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12879-024-09065-x</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1471-2334 |
| ispartof | BMC infectious diseases, 2024-02, Vol.24 (1), p.217-217, Article 217 |
| issn | 1471-2334 1471-2334 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_761752135b014209820ac81474d24821 |
| source | Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS AIDS (Disease) AIDS research Alfacalcidol Antifungal agents B cells Calcifediol Calciferol Candidiasis Care and treatment CD4 antigen Comparative analysis Complications and side effects Control Development and progression Dietary supplements Drug resistance Drug therapy Efavirenz Health aspects Highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV HIV (Viruses) HIV infection HIV patients Human immunodeficiency virus Immune system Immunocompetence Infections Malnutrition Medical research Medicine, Experimental Opportunist infection Opportunistic infections Oral candidiasis Patient compliance Patients Physical examinations Pilot projects Regression analysis Sample size Sexually transmitted diseases STD Thrush (Mouth disease) Vitamin D Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D3 Vitamin deficiency |
| title | Vitamin D deficiency and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: A case‒control study |
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