Regulation of Nucleolar Activity by MYC

The nucleolus harbors the machinery necessary to produce new ribosomes which are critical for protein synthesis. Nucleolar size, shape, and density are highly dynamic and can be adjusted to accommodate ribosome biogenesis according to the needs for protein synthesis. In cancer, cells undergo continu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.11 (3), p.574
Main Authors: Brown, Isabella N, Lafita-Navarro, M Carmen, Conacci-Sorrell, Maralice
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biosynthesis
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell division
Cell growth
Cell Nucleolus - metabolism
Cell proliferation
Cytoplasm
DNA, Ribosomal - genetics
Genes
Mammalian cells
Mammals - metabolism
MYC
Myc protein
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Nucleoli
nucleolus
Protein Biosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Review
Ribosomal proteins
ribosome
ribosome biogenesis
Ribosomes
Ribosomes - metabolism
RNA polymerase
RNA, Ribosomal - genetics
Transcription factors
translation
Tumors
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Summary:The nucleolus harbors the machinery necessary to produce new ribosomes which are critical for protein synthesis. Nucleolar size, shape, and density are highly dynamic and can be adjusted to accommodate ribosome biogenesis according to the needs for protein synthesis. In cancer, cells undergo continuous proliferation; therefore, nucleolar activity is elevated due to their high demand for protein synthesis. The transcription factor and universal oncogene MYC promotes nucleolar activity by enhancing the transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and ribosomal proteins. This review summarizes the importance of nucleolar activity in mammalian cells, MYC's role in nucleolar regulation in cancer, and discusses how a better understanding (and the potential inhibition) of aberrant nucleolar activity in cancer cells could lead to novel therapeutics.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells11030574