Type 2 immunity in asthma

Type 2-immunity represents the typical adaptive response to allergen exposure in atopic individuals. It mainly involves Th2 cells and immunoglobulin E, as the main orchestrators of type 2-inflammation. Recently, it has been highlighted that allergens may be responsible for a Th2 response beside spec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The World Allergy Organization journal 2018-06, Vol.11 (1), p.13-13, Article 13
Main Authors: Caminati, Marco, Pham, Duy Le, Bagnasco, Diego, Canonica, Giorgio Walter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive immunity
Allergens
Allergic sensitization
Allergies
Asthma
B cells
Cytokines
Disease susceptibility
Immunity (Disease)
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulins
Inflammation
Innate immunity
Pathogenesis
Pollutants
Review
Severe asthma
Type 2 inflammation
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Summary:Type 2-immunity represents the typical adaptive response to allergen exposure in atopic individuals. It mainly involves Th2 cells and immunoglobulin E, as the main orchestrators of type 2-inflammation. Recently, it has been highlighted that allergens may be responsible for a Th2 response beside specific IgE activation and that a number of other environmental stimuli, such as viruses and pollutants, can trigger the same pattern of inflammation beyond atopy. Emerging data sustain a substantial role of the so-called epithelial dysfunction in asthma pathogenesis, both from anatomic and functional point of view. Furthermore an increasing amount of evidence demonstrates the relevance of innate immunity in polarizing a Th2 impaired response in asthmatic patients. Under this perspective, the complex cross-talking between airway epithelium, innate and adaptive immunity is emerging as a major determinant of type 2-inflammation beyond allergens. This review will include an update on the relevance of dysregulation of innate and adaptive type 2-immunity in asthma pathogenesis, particularly severe asthma, and on the role of the allergens that are associated with severe asthma. Type 2-immunity also will be reviewed in the light of the current and upcoming targeted treatments for severe asthma.
ISSN:1939-4551
1939-4551
DOI:10.1186/s40413-018-0192-5