In Silico , In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of the Antihyperglycaemic, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Coccinia grandis L. Leaf Extract

• Published in: Food technology and biotechnology 2024-04, Vol.62 (2), p.188-204
• Main Authors: Prabhakar, Pawan, Mukherjee, Sayan, Kumar, Ankit, Rout, Rahul Kumar, Kumar, Suraj, Verma, Deepak Kumar, Dhara, Santanu, Rao, Pavuluri Srinivasa, Maiti, Mrinal Kumar, Banerjee, Mamoni
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acarbose; Affinity; Amylases; Antidiabetics; Antioxidants; Assaying; Binding; Bioactive compounds; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Care and treatment; Chorioallantoic membrane; Chromatography; Coccinia grandis; Column chromatography; Cytotoxicity; Design optimization; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes therapy; enzyme inhibition; Enzymes; Evaluation; extraction optimisation; Flavonoids; Food; Fourier transforms; Functional foods; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Glucosidase; Infrared spectroscopy; Isoflavones; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medicine, Botanic; Medicine, Herbal; molecular docking; Original Scientific Papers; Parameter identification; Pharmacokinetics; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Response surface methodology; Spectrum analysis; Tannins; Temperature dependence; Thin layer chromatography; α-Amylase; α-Glucosidase
• ISSN: 1330-9862; 1334-2606
• DOI: 10.17113/ftb.62.02.24.8162

L. is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Since the scientific evidence and mechanism of action have not yet been extensively investigated, this study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and cytotoxic effects together with the optimisation and development of a scale-up process design for higher yields of bioactive phytocompounds from The study was conducted to predict the binding affinity of phytocompounds of for α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes with pharmacokinetic assessment. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC) and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) in 17 different experimental runs in which the parameters of microwave-assisted extraction such as temperature (50-70 °C), power (400-1000 W) and time (15-45 min) were varied. The phytocompounds were purified and identified using column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The antidiabetic activity was determined by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymatic inhibitory assays, while cytotoxic investigations were done by measuring haemolytic activity, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. The reported major bioactive compounds have shown an excellent binding affinity for α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in the range of -14.28 to -36.12 kJ/mol with good pharmacokinetic properties and toxicities ranging from low to medium. The bioactive constituents such as total phenols, total flavonoids, total tannins and antioxidant activities such as DPPH and FRAP were found to be high and dependent on the optimised microwave-assisted extraction parameters such as temperature, time and power: 55 °C, 45 min and 763 W, respectively. Sixteen compounds were identified by FTIR and LC-MS spectra in the plant sample after preliminary identification, purification and TLC. The percentage of enzyme inhibition depended on the concentration of the extract (7.8-125.0 µg/mL) and was higher than that of acarbose. The haemolytic activity was in accordance with ISO standards and low toxicity was observed in the MTT and CAM assays in the range of 7.8-125.0 µg/mL, suggesting its potential use as an antidiabetic drug and for functional food development. The