The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivative exosome in skin wound healing: a comprehensive review

• Published in: Stem cell research & therapy 2022-01, Vol.13 (1), p.24-24, Article 24
• Main Authors: Bian, Donghui, Wu, Yan, Song, Guodong, Azizi, Ramyar, Zamani, Amir
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; Biosynthesis; Care and treatment; Cell proliferation; Collagen; Cytokines; Differentiation; Exosome; Exosomes; Exosomes - metabolism; Extracellular matrix; Humans; Immunogenicity; Inflammation; Lipids; Matrix metalloproteinase; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs); Mesenchyme; Metalloproteinase; MicroRNAs - metabolism; miRNA; Mitochondrial DNA; Paracrine factors; Paracrine signalling; Proteins; Quality of Life; Regenerative medicine; Review; Skin; Skin - metabolism; Stem cells; Stromal cells; Tissue engineering; Tumors; Wound Healing; Wounds and injuries
• ISSN: 1757-6512; 1757-6512
• DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02697-9

Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and also their exosome has become a game-changing tool in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs due to their competencies to establish skin cells, such as fibroblast and keratinocyte, and also their unique attribute to suppress inflammation in wound site has attracted increasing attention among scholars. In addition, MSC's other capabilities to induce angiogenesis as a result of secretion of pro-angiogenic factors accompanied with marked anti-fibrotic activities, which mainly mediated by the releases matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), make them a rational and effective strategy to accelerate wound healing with a small scar. Since the chief healing properties of the MSCs depend on their paracrine effects, it appears that MSCs-derived exosomes also can be an alternative option to support wound healing and skin regeneration as an innovative cell-free approach. Such exosomes convey functional cargos (e.g., growth factor, cytokine, miRNA, etc.) from MSCs to target cells, thereby affecting the recipient skin cells' biological events, such as migration, proliferation, and also secretion of ECM components (e.g., collagen). The main superiorities of exosome therapy over parental MSCs are the diminished risk of tumor formation and also lower immunogenicity. Herein, we deliver an overview of recent in vivo reports rendering the therapeutic benefits of the MSCs-based therapies to ease skin wound healing, and so improving quality of life among patients suffering from such conditions.