Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Stage III Melanoma: Current Insights and Clinical Implications

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers. The 5-year survival rate of stage III melanoma patients ranges from 93% (IIIA) to 32% (IIID) with a high risk of recurrence after complete surgery. The introduction of target and immune therapies has dramatically improved the overall survival, but...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-04, Vol.22 (9), p.4561
Main Authors: Tonella, Luca, Pala, Valentina, Ponti, Renata, Rubatto, Marco, Gallo, Giuseppe, Mastorino, Luca, Avallone, Gianluca, Merli, Martina, Agostini, Andrea, Fava, Paolo, Bertero, Luca, Senetta, Rebecca, Osella-Abate, Simona, Ribero, Simone, Fierro, Maria Teresa, Quaglino, Pietro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adjuvant therapy
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Pharmacological
Cancer therapies
Cell cycle
Circulating Tumor DNA - genetics
Gene expression
Humans
Lymphatic system
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Melanoma - genetics
Melanoma - pathology
Melanoma - therapy
Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
Metastasis
MicroRNAs - genetics
Neoplasm Staging - methods
Patients
Prognosis
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf - genetics
Review
Skin cancer
Skin Neoplasms - pathology
stage III
Survival
Survival Rate
Tumors
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Summary:Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers. The 5-year survival rate of stage III melanoma patients ranges from 93% (IIIA) to 32% (IIID) with a high risk of recurrence after complete surgery. The introduction of target and immune therapies has dramatically improved the overall survival, but the identification of patients with a high risk of relapse who will benefit from adjuvant therapy and the determination of the best treatment choice remain crucial. Currently, patient prognosis is based on clinico-pathological features, highlighting the urgent need of predictive and prognostic markers to improve patient management. In recent years, many groups have focused their attention on identifying molecular biomarkers with prognostic and predictive potential. In this review, we examined the main candidate biomarkers reported in the literature.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22094561