Detection of lymphoproliferative disease virus in Iowa Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo): Comparison of two sections of the proviral genome

An accurate diagnostic test is an essential aspect of successfully monitoring and managing wildlife diseases. Lymphoproliferative Disease Virus (LPDV) is an avian retrovirus that was first identified in domestic turkeys in Europe and was first reported in a Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in the U...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2024-02, Vol.19 (2), p.e0296856-e0296856
Main Authors: Smith, Kelsey C, Blanchong, Julie A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alpharetrovirus - genetics
Animals
Animals, Wild - genetics
Base Sequence
Biology and Life Sciences
Care and treatment
Diagnosis
Evaluation
Health aspects
Iowa
Lymphoproliferative disorders
Medicine and Health Sciences
People and Places
Proviruses - genetics
Research and Analysis Methods
Turkeys - genetics
Wild turkeys
Wildlife conservation
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Summary:An accurate diagnostic test is an essential aspect of successfully monitoring and managing wildlife diseases. Lymphoproliferative Disease Virus (LPDV) is an avian retrovirus that was first identified in domestic turkeys in Europe and was first reported in a Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in the United States in 2009. It has since been found to be widely distributed throughout North America. The majority of studies have utilized bone marrow and PCR primers targeting a 413-nucleotide sequence of the gag gene of the provirus to detect infection. While prior studies have evaluated the viability of other tissues for LPDV detection (whole blood, spleen, liver, cloacal swabs) none to date have studied differences in detection rates when utilizing different genomic regions of the provirus. This study examined the effectiveness of another section of the provirus, a 335-nucleotide sequence starting in the U3 region of the LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) and extending into the Matrix of the gag region (henceforth LTR), for detecting LPDV. Bone marrow samples from hunter-harvested Wild Turkeys (n = 925) were tested for LPDV with the gag gene and a subset (n = 417) including both those testing positive and those where LPDV was not detected was re-tested with LTR. The positive percent agreement (PPA) was 97.1% (68 of 70 gag positive samples tested positive with LTR) while the negative percent agreement (NPA) was only 68.0% (236 of 347 gag negative samples tested negative with LTR). Cohen's Kappa (κ = 0.402, Z = 10.26, p
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0296856