The efficiencies of inorganic mercury bio-methylation by aerobic bacteria under different oxygen concentrations

• Published in: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2021-01, Vol.207, p.111538, Article 111538
• Main Authors: Cao, Dan, Chen, Weihong, Xiang, Yuping, Mi, Qianfen, Liu, Hang, Feng, PengYu, Shen, Hong, Zhang, Cheng, Wang, Yongmin, Wang, Dingyong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerobic and/or facultative anaerobic bacteria; Bacteria, Aerobic - metabolism; Environmental Monitoring; Mercury - analysis; Mercury - metabolism; Mercury bio-methylation; Methylation; Methylmercury Compounds; Oxygen; Oxygen concentration; Pseudomonas fluorescens TGR-B2; Pseudomonas putida TGR-B4; Soil; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Soil Pollutants - metabolism; γ-Proteobacteria
• ISSN: 0147-6513; 1090-2414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111538

Limited information is available about the bio-methylation of inorganic mercury (iHg) under aerobic conditions. In this study, two γ-proteobacteria strains (P. fluorescens TGR-B2 and P. putida TGR-B4) were obtained from the soil of The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), demonstrating effective aerobic transformation capacities of iHg into methylmercury (MeHg). Based on periodical changes in soil oxygen content of the TGR, a culture system was established, in which 300 ng Hg (II) L–1 and O2 were set at 7%, 14%, and 21%, respectively. Results indicated that the two strains differed significantly in bacterial growth rate and MeHg production. The kinetic model of MeHg showed typical characteristics of a “two-staged” process: The first stage was dominated by bio-methylation, which was shown by increasing of net MeHg content. Moreover, the second stage was dominated by bio-demethylation, which decreased net MeHg content. Thus, we hypothesized that the mechanism of aerobic bacterial iHg bio-methylation: (1) should inefficiency compared to anaerobic bacteria i.e.SRB, which were regulated by hgcA/B gene clusters, (2) might be regarded as a passive stress response and depended on the bacterial iHg intoxication threshold and MeHg tolerance threshold. The possible strategy of aerobic and/or facultative anaerobic bacterial iHg tolerance. [Display omitted] •Pathway of iHg bio-methylation by aerobic bacteria differs from anaerobic bacteria, i.e., SRB.•iHg bio-methylation by aerobic bacteria is inefficiency and passive stress response.•MeHg production by aerobic bacteria depends on the iHg intoxication and MeHg tolerance threshold.