Factors Influencing Venous Remodeling in the Development of Varicose Veins of the Lower Limbs

One of the early symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD) is varicose veins (VV) of the lower limbs. There are many etiological environmental factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), although genetic factors and family history of the disease play a key role. All the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-02, Vol.25 (3), p.1560
Main Authors: Gwozdzinski, Lukasz, Pieniazek, Anna, Gwozdzinski, Krzysztof
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ablation
Blood
chronic venous insufficiency
Collagen
Compression therapy
Development and progression
endothelial dysfunction
Endothelium
Etiology
Fibroblasts
Growth factors
Hypoxia
Inflammation
Neutrophils
oxidative damage
Pathophysiology
Restless legs syndrome
Sclerotherapy
Sedentary behavior
Shear stress
Smooth muscle
Thrombosis
Ulcers
varicose vein
Varicose veins
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Summary:One of the early symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD) is varicose veins (VV) of the lower limbs. There are many etiological environmental factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), although genetic factors and family history of the disease play a key role. All these factors induce changes in the hemodynamic in the venous system of the lower limbs leading to blood stasis, hypoxia, inflammation, oxidative stress, proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), changes in microcirculation and, consequently, the remodeling of the venous wall. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge on CVD, including the pathophysiology and mechanisms related to vein wall remodeling. Particular emphasis has been placed on describing the role of inflammation and oxidative stress and the involvement of extracellular hemoglobin as pathogenetic factors of VV. Additionally, active substances used in the treatment of VV were discussed.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25031560