Review of T Helper 2-Type Inflammatory Diseases Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment

Immune checkpoints are mechanisms that allow cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and avoid destruction by the body's immune system. Tumor cells exploit immune checkpoint proteins to inhibit T cell activation, thus enhancing their resistance to immune attacks. Immune checkpoint inhibitors,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2024-08, Vol.12 (8), p.1886
Main Authors: Mima, Yoshihito, Ohtsuka, Tsutomu, Ebato, Ippei, Nakata, Yukihiro, Tsujita, Akihiro, Nakazato, Yoshimasa, Norimatsu, Yuta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenocarcinoma
Adverse events
Antigens
Cell activation
Clinical medicine
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
immune checkpoint
immune checkpoint inhibitor
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immunosurveillance
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory diseases
Ligands
lung adenocarcinoma
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Monoclonal antibodies
Myocarditis
nivolumab
PD-1 protein
PD-L1 protein
Pneumonia
prurigo nodularis
Psoriasis
Review
Skin
T cell receptors
T helper-2 inflammation
Thyroid gland
Tumor cells
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Summary:Immune checkpoints are mechanisms that allow cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and avoid destruction by the body's immune system. Tumor cells exploit immune checkpoint proteins to inhibit T cell activation, thus enhancing their resistance to immune attacks. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, like nivolumab, work by reactivating these suppressed T cells to target cancer cells. However, this reactivation can disrupt immune balance and cause immune-related adverse events. This report presents a rare case of prurigo nodularis that developed six months after administering nivolumab for lung adenocarcinoma. While immune-related adverse events are commonly linked to T helper-1- or T helper-17-type inflammations, T helper-2-type inflammatory reactions, as observed in our case, are unusual. The PD-1-PD-L1 pathway is typically associated with T helper-1 and 17 responses, whereas the PD-1-PD-L2 pathway is linked to T helper-2 responses. Inhibition of PD-1 can enhance PD-L1 functions, potentially shifting the immune response towards T helper-1 and 17 types, but it may also influence T helper-2-type inflammation. This study reviews T helper-2-type inflammatory diseases emerging from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, highlighting the novelty of our findings.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines12081886