Dietary Lactobacillus delbrueckii Affects Ileal Bacterial Composition and Circadian Rhythms in Pigs

• Published in: Animals (Basel) 2024-01, Vol.14 (3), p.412
• Main Authors: Luo, Wenxin, Yin, Zhangzheng, Zhang, Mingliang, Huang, Xingguo, Yin, Jie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bacteria; Bar codes; Catheters; Circadian rhythm; circadian rhythms; Diet; Genetic testing; Genomes; Hogs; ileal bacteria; L. delbrueckii; Metabolism; Microbiota; Nutrients; Nutrition; pigs; Probiotics; Small intestine; Software
• ISSN: 2076-2615; 2076-2615
• DOI: 10.3390/ani14030412

Intestinal bacteria, synchronized with diet and feeding time, exhibit circadian rhythms and anticipate host gut function; however the effect of dietary probiotics on gut bacterial diurnal rhythms remains obscure. In this study, bacteria were sequenced at 6 Zeitgeber times (ZT) from a pig model of ileal T-shaped fistula to test ileal bacterial composition and circadian rhythms after administration. The results showed that dietary enhanced ileal bacterial α-diversity at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 16, evidenced by an increased Simpson index compared with control pigs. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was identified as the largest phyla represented in pigs, but dietary only increased the abundance of Tenericutes at ZT16. At the genus level, 11/100 genera (i.e., , , , , , , , , , , and ) were markedly differentiated in -fed pigs and the effect was rhythmicity-dependent. Meanwhile, dietary affected six pathways of bacterial functions, such as membrane transport, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, cell motility, the endocrine system, signaling molecules and interaction, and the nervous system. Cosinor analysis was conducted to test bacterial circadian rhythm in pigs, while no significant circadian rhythm in bacterial α-diversity and phyla composition was observed. , , and exhibited significant rhythmic fluctuation in the control pigs, which was disturbed by probiotic exposure. In addition, dietary affected circadian rhythms in ileal , , , and abundances. Dietary affected both ileal bacterial composition and circadian rhythms, which might further regulate gut function and host metabolism in pigs.