Experimental Methods for the Biological Evaluation of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Risks

Many novel medical therapies use nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, including nanomaterials through drug delivery systems, diagnostics, or physiologically active medicinal products. The approval of nanoparticles with advanced therapeutic and diagnostic potentials for applications in medicatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceutics 2023-02, Vol.15 (2), p.612
Main Authors: Pandey, Ramendra Pati, Vidic, Jasmina, Mukherjee, Riya, Chang, Chung-Ming
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
advanced technologies
Biodistribution
biological models
Blood vessels
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Drug administration
drug delivery
Drug delivery systems
Drugs
Evaluation
Experimental methods
Health aspects
Health risk assessment
in vitro/in vivo correlation
Life Sciences
Lipids
liposomes
Materials
Metabolism
Methods
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmaceutical sciences
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology
Physiology
Polymers
Review
Safety and security measures
Vaccines
Vehicles
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Summary:Many novel medical therapies use nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, including nanomaterials through drug delivery systems, diagnostics, or physiologically active medicinal products. The approval of nanoparticles with advanced therapeutic and diagnostic potentials for applications in medication and immunization depends strongly on their synthesizing procedure, efficiency of functionalization, and biological safety and biocompatibility. Nanoparticle biodistribution, absorption, bioavailability, passage across biological barriers, and biodistribution are frequently assessed using bespoke and biological models. These methods largely rely on in vitro cell-based evaluations that cannot predict the complexity involved in preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, assessing the nanoparticle risk has to involve pharmacokinetics, organ toxicity, and drug interactions manifested at multiple cellular levels. At the same time, there is a need for novel approaches to examine nanoparticle safety risks due to increased constraints on animal exploitation and the demand for high-throughput testing. We focus here on biological evaluation methodologies that provide access to nanoparticle interactions with the organism (positive or negative via toxicity). This work aimed to provide a perception regarding the risks associated with the utilization of nanoparticle-based formulations with a particular focus on assays applied to assess the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.
ISSN:1999-4923
1999-4923
DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics15020612