Temporo-spatial distribution of insecticide-resistance in Indian malaria vectors in the last quarter-century: Need for regular resistance monitoring and management

The Indian vector control programme similar to other programmes in the world is still reliant on chemical insecticides. Anopheles culicifacies is the major vector out of six primary malaria vectors in India and alone contributes about 2/3 malaria cases annually; and per se its control is actually co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of vector borne diseases 2017-04, Vol.54 (2), p.111-130
Main Authors: Raghavendra, Kamaraju, Velamuri, Poonam Sharma, Verma, Vaishali, Elamathi, Natarajan, Barik, Tapan Kumar, Bhatt, Rajendra Mohan, Dash, Aditya Prasad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Annual reports
Anopheles
Anopheles culicifacies
India
insecticide-resistance
susceptible
malaria
Control
Disease control
India
Insecticide Resistance
Insecticides
Malaria
Medicine
Mosquito Vectors - drug effects
Parasites
Prevalence
Public health
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Vectors (Biology)
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Summary:The Indian vector control programme similar to other programmes in the world is still reliant on chemical insecticides. Anopheles culicifacies is the major vector out of six primary malaria vectors in India and alone contributes about 2/3 malaria cases annually; and per se its control is actually control of malaria in India. For effective management of vectors, current information on their susceptibility status to different insecticides is essential. In this review, an attempt was made to compile and present the available data on the susceptibility status of different malaria vector species in India from the last 2.5 decades. Literature search was conducted by different means mainly web and library search; susceptibility data was collated from 62 sources for the nine malaria vector species from 145 districts in 21 states and two union territories between 1991 and 2016. Interpretation of the susceptibility/resistance status was made on basis of the recent WHO criteria. Comprehensive analysis of the data indicated that An. culicifacies, a major vector species was resistant to at least one insecticide in 70% (101/145) of the districts. It was reported mostly resistant to DDT and malathion whereas, its resistant status against deltamethrin varied across the districts. The major threat for the malaria control programmes is multiple-insecticide-resistance in An. culicifacies which needs immediate attention for resistance management in order to sustain the gains achieved so far, as the programmes have targeted malaria elimination by 2030.
ISSN:0972-9062
DOI:10.4103/0972-9062.211686