Design prototyping methods: state of the art in strategies, techniques, and guidelines

Prototyping is interwoven with nearly all product, service, and systems development efforts. A prototype is a pre-production representation of some aspect of a concept or final design. Prototyping often predetermines a large portion of resource deployment in development and influences design project...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Design Science 2017, Vol.3, Article e13
Main Authors: Camburn, Bradley, Viswanathan, Vimal, Linsey, Julie, Anderson, David, Jensen, Daniel, Crawford, Richard, Otto, Kevin, Wood, Kristin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Architectural engineering
Construction
Design
Design engineering
design prototyping
Designers
Innovations
Literature reviews
Mechanical engineering
methods
Objectives
product
Prototyping
service
Simulation
Studies
systems
Usability
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Summary:Prototyping is interwoven with nearly all product, service, and systems development efforts. A prototype is a pre-production representation of some aspect of a concept or final design. Prototyping often predetermines a large portion of resource deployment in development and influences design project success. This review surveys literature sources in engineering, management, design science, and architecture. The study is focused around design prototyping for early stage design. Insights are synthesized from critical review of the literature: key objectives of prototyping, critical review of major techniques, relationships between techniques, and a strategy matrix to connect objectives to techniques. The review is supported with exemplar prototypes provided from industrial design efforts. Techniques are roughly categorized into those that improve the outcomes of prototyping directly, and those that enable prototyping through lowering of cost and time. Compact descriptions of each technique provide a foundation to compare the potential benefits and drawbacks of each. The review concludes with a summary of key observations, highlighted opportunities in the research, and a vision of the future of prototyping. This review aims to provide a resource for designers as well as set a trajectory for continuing innovation in the scientific research of design prototyping.
ISSN:2053-4701
2053-4701
DOI:10.1017/dsj.2017.10