Collagen membrane functionalized with magnesium oxide via room-temperature atomic layer deposition promotes osteopromotive and antimicrobial properties

• Published in: Bioactive materials 2023-12, Vol.30, p.46-61
• Main Authors: Saha, Soumya, Costa, Raphael Cavalcante, Silva, Mirela Caroline, Fonseca-Santos, João Matheus, Chen, Lin, Phakatkar, Abhijit H., Bhatia, Harshdeep, Faverani, Leonardo P., Barão, Valentim A.R., Shokuhfar, Tolou, Sukotjo, Cortino, Takoudis, Christos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2452-199X; 2452-199X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.013

Artificial bone grafting materials such as collagen are gaining interest due to the ease of production and implantation. However, collagen must be supplemented with additional coating materials for improved osteointegration. Here, we report room-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of MgO, a novel method to coat collagen membranes with MgO. Characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron beam dispersion mapping confirm the chemical nature of the film. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies show the surface topography and morphology of the collagen fibers were not altered during the ALD of MgO. Slow release of magnesium ions promotes bone growth, and we show the deposited MgO film leaches trace amounts of Mg when incubated in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C. The coated collagen membrane had a superhydrophilic surface immediately after the deposition of MgO. The film was not toxic to human cells and demonstrated antibacterial properties against bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, in vivo studies performed on calvaria rats showed MgO-coated membranes (200 and 500 ALD) elicit a higher inflammatory response, leading to an increase in angiogenesis and a greater bone formation, mainly for Col-MgO500, compared to uncoated collagen. Based on the characterization of the MgO film and in vitro and in vivo data, the MgO-coated collagen membranes are excellent candidates for guided bone regeneration. [Display omitted] •Room-temperature atomic layer deposition of magnesium oxide enables use of temperature-sensitive collagen as substrate.•MgO-coated collagen has controlled degradation rate of Mg2+ ion in aqueous environment which promotes bone growth.•In vitro and in vivo studies confirm MgO-coated collagen can be used as artificial bone graft material.•Bone regeneration through magnesium oxide deposition promotes osteopromotive property favorable for use in clinical practice.