AI-Enabled Compressive Spectrum Classification for Wideband Radios

• Published in: Technologies (Basel) 2023-12, Vol.11 (6), p.182
• Main Authors: Nawaz, Tassadaq, Naidu, Ramasamy Srinivasaga
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Analog to digital conversion; Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural networks; Broadband; Cognitive radio; cognitive radios; Communications systems; compressive sensing; cyclostationary feature detector; Fourier transforms; Internet of Things; Jammers; Jamming; Methods; Military communications; Narrowband; Neural networks; Radio communications; Radio frequency; Radio spectra; Sensors; Signal classification; Signal processing; signals classifications; Sparsity; Spectral correlation; Spectrum allocation; stealthy jammer; Ultra wideband technology; wideband spectrum sensing
• ISSN: 2227-7080; 2227-7080
• DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060182

Cognitive radio is a promising technology that emerged as a potential solution to the spectrum shortage problem by enabling opportunistic spectrum access. In many cases, cognitive radios are required to sense a wide range of frequencies to locate the spectrum white spaces; hence, wideband spectrum comes into play, which is also an essential step in future wireless systems to boost the throughput. Cognitive radios are intelligent devices and therefore can be opted for the development of modern jamming and anti-jamming solutions. To this end, our article introduces a novel AI-enabled energy-efficient and robust technique for wideband radio spectrum characterization. Our work considers a wideband radio spectrum made up of numerous narrowband signals, which could be normal communications or signals disrupted by a stealthy jammer. First, the receiver recovers the wideband from significantly low sub-Nyquist rate samples by exploiting compressive sensing technique to decrease the overhead caused by the high complexity analog-to-digital conversion process. Once the wideband is recovered, each available narrowband signal is given to a cyclostationary feature detector that computes the corresponding spectral correlation function and extracts the feature vectors in the form of cycle and frequency profiles. Then profiles are concatenated and given as input features set to an artificial neural network which in turn classifies each NB signal as legitimate communication with a specific modulation or disrupted by a stealthy jammer. The results show a classification accuracy of about 0.99 is achieved. Moreover, the algorithm highlights significantly high performances in comparison to recently reported spectrum classification techniques. The proposed technique can be used to design anti-jamming systems for military communication systems.