A novel approach for assessing the ports’ environmental impacts in real time – The IoT based port environmental index

• Published in: Ecological indicators 2021-01, Vol.120, p.106949, Article 106949
• Main Authors: Široka, Matija, Piličić, Stjepan, Milošević, Teodora, Lacalle, Ignacio, Traven, Luka
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Environmental aspects; Environmental impacts; environmental Key Performance Indicators (eKPIs); IoT; Port activities; Port Environmental Index (PEI)
• ISSN: 1470-160X; 1872-7034
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106949

•There is no standardized method for assessment of port environmental impact.•Using Internet of Things techniques allows the index to be assessed in real time.•PEI integrates main environmental aspects into a single metric.•PEI enables interport comparison and yearly progress evaluation for a port.•PEI preliminary results are useful for assessing port environmental impact trends. In recent years, exchange of goods around the world has mostly been done by the sea, which increased the pollution coming from the port areas. Activities connected with shipping and handling of goods in ports may harm both human health and the environment. These activities include different (mostly diesel-fueled) machinery used in ports, resulting in air emissions including GHG, NOX, SOX, PM, etc. Besides air pollution, port activities affect noise, light, and odor emission, waste accumulation and water pollution. Existing methodologies for estimating environmental impacts of port activities are mostly qualitative and include self-assessment methods which can often lead to biased results. Because of that, there is a need for a quantitative, industry-validated, and cohesive method that would give more accurate results. In this article, the Port Environmental Index (PEI) which has all the attributes described above will be presented. The PEI mission is to integrate all of the main environmental aspects of port such as air emission, waste production, water pollution, noise, light, and odor pollution into one metric that can then be used to assess the port performance and make comparison between ports. The PEI is made as a quantitative composite index based on aggregations of individual indicators for significant aspects of port operations. It includes different indices according to the source of the emission; the Ship Environmental Index (SEI), the Terminal Environmental Index (TEI), and the Port Authority Environmental Index (PAEI). While designing the PEI, correctly choosing the environmental impacts is paramount to properly identify port activities and associated environmental aspects. After their identification, for each significant aspect, a set of representative environmental key performance indicators (eKPIs) is identified. Afterwards, a series of mathematical operations are to be applied: normalization, weighting and aggregation. In this short communication, those methods are outlined yet not definitively chosen. The main idea behind the PEI is to use quantitative, data-based