Orientus ishidae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): Biology, Direct Damage and Preliminary Studies on Apple Proliferation Infection in Apple Orchard

The mosaic leafhopper, (Matsumura), is an Asian species widespread in Europe that can cause leaf damage in wild trees and transmit disease phytoplasmas to grapevines. Following an outbreak reported in 2019 in an apple orchard in northern Italy, the biology and damage caused by this species to apples...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Insects (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-03, Vol.14 (3), p.246
Main Authors: Dalmaso, Giovanni, Ioriatti, Claudio, Gualandri, Valeria, Zapponi, Livia, Mazzoni, Valerio, Mori, Nicola, Baldessari, Mario
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alien species
Apple Proliferation
Apples
Bioassays
Biology
Cicadellidae
Crop damage
Cultivation
Damage
Economic impact
Field tests
Fruit cultivation
Fruit trees
Fruits
Host plants
Impact analysis
Infections
Insects
leaf depigmentation
Leaf fall
leafhoppers
Leaves
Life cycles
Mosaics
Necrosis
Orchards
Orientus ishidae
Outbreaks
Pest outbreaks
Pests
Phenology
Phytoplasma
phytoplasma vector
Plant bacterial diseases
Signs and symptoms
Trees
Yellowing
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Summary:The mosaic leafhopper, (Matsumura), is an Asian species widespread in Europe that can cause leaf damage in wild trees and transmit disease phytoplasmas to grapevines. Following an outbreak reported in 2019 in an apple orchard in northern Italy, the biology and damage caused by this species to apples were investigated during 2020 and 2021. Our studies included observations on the life cycle, leaf symptoms associated to its trophic activity, and its capability to acquire " Phytoplasma mali," a causal agent of Apple Proliferation (AP). The results indicate that can complete the life cycle on apple trees. Nymphs emerged between May and June, and adults were present from early July to late October, with the peak of flight between July and early August. Semi-field observations allowed for an accurate description of leaf symptoms that appeared as a distinct yellowing after a one-day exposure. In field experiments, 23% of the leaves were found damaged. In addition, 16-18% of the collected leafhoppers were found carrying AP phytoplasma. We conclude that has the potential to be a new apple tree pest. However, further studies are required to better understand the economic impact of the infestations.
ISSN:2075-4450
2075-4450
DOI:10.3390/insects14030246