Red Beetroot’s NMR-Based Metabolomics: Phytochemical Profile Related to Development Time and Production Year

Red beetroot (RB) is a well-known health-promoting food consumed worldwide. RB is commonly used in food processing and manufacturing thanks to the high content of components that can also be employed as natural coloring agents. These bioactive molecules vary their concentration depending on beetroot...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Foods 2021-08, Vol.10 (8), p.1887
Main Authors: Giampaoli, Ottavia, Sciubba, Fabio, Conta, Giorgia, Capuani, Giorgio, Tomassini, Alberta, Giorgi, Giorgio, Brasili, Elisa, Aureli, Walter, Miccheli, Alfredo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Carbohydrates
Choline
Climate effects
Climatic conditions
Coloring agents
Dopamine
Food
Food processing
Food science
Food sources
Growth conditions
harvest time
Health promotion
Inorganic nitrates
Metabolism
Metabolites
Metabolomics
Nitrates
NMR
NMR-based metabolomics
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Phytochemicals
red beetroot
Root development
Seasonal variations
seasonality
Sucrose
Sugar beets
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Summary:Red beetroot (RB) is a well-known health-promoting food consumed worldwide. RB is commonly used in food processing and manufacturing thanks to the high content of components that can also be employed as natural coloring agents. These bioactive molecules vary their concentration depending on beetroot seasonality, harvest time and climate conditions. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of the RB phytochemical profile related to the root development during three different harvest times, using an 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach. Changes of carbohydrates and secondary metabolite concentrations were observed from July to September. Secondly, we compared the metabolic profiles of the final processed beet juices in three different production years to observe the effect of climate conditions on the RB’s final product metabotype. A PCA analysis performed on juice extracts showed that production years 2016 and 2017 were characterized by a high content of choline and betaine, while 2018 by a high content of amino acids and dopamine and a low content of inorganic nitrates. This study suggests that the harvest time and roots growth conditions could be used to modulate the RB phytochemical profile, according to the final requirements of use, food or coloring agent source.
ISSN:2304-8158
2304-8158
DOI:10.3390/foods10081887