Integration of Complete Plasmids Containing Bont Genes into Chromosomes of Clostridium parabotulinum , Clostridium sporogenes , and Clostridium argentinense

At least 40 toxin subtypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), a heterogenous group of bacterial proteins, are produced by seven different clostridial species. A key factor that drives the diversity of neurotoxigenic clostridia is the association of gene clusters with various genomic locations includi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2021-07, Vol.13 (7), p.473
Main Authors: Smith, Theresa J, Tian, Renmao, Imanian, Behzad, Williamson, Charles H D, Johnson, Shannon L, Daligault, Hajnalka E, Schill, Kristin M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
argentinense
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
botulinum
Botulinum toxin
Botulinum Toxins - genetics
Botulinum Toxins, Type A
Chromosomes
Clostridium
Clostridium - genetics
Clostridium botulinum - genetics
Clostridium sporogenes
DNA, Bacterial - genetics
Gene clusters
Genes
Genomes
integration
Multigene Family
Neurotoxins
Neurotoxins - genetics
Nucleotide sequence
Nucleotides
Okra
parabotulinum
Phages
Phylogeny
Plasmids
Proteins
sporogenes
Toxins
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Summary:At least 40 toxin subtypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), a heterogenous group of bacterial proteins, are produced by seven different clostridial species. A key factor that drives the diversity of neurotoxigenic clostridia is the association of gene clusters with various genomic locations including plasmids, phages and the chromosome. Analysis of BoNT/B1 strain CDC 1632, BoNT/G strain CDC 2741, and BoNT/B1 strain DFPST0006 genomes revealed gene clusters within plasmid-like sequences within the chromosome or nested in large contigs, with no evidence of extrachromosomal elements. A nucleotide sequence (255,474 bp) identified in CDC 1632 shared 99.5% identity (88% coverage) with / -containing plasmid pNPD7 of CDC 67071; CDC 2741 contig AYSO01000020 (1.1 MB) contained a ~140 kb region which shared 99.99% identity (100% coverage) with plasmid pRSJ17_1 of BoNT/G strain 89G; and DFPST0006 contig JACBDK0100002 (573 kb) contained a region that shared 100% identity (99%) coverage with the / -containing plasmid pCLD of Okra. This is the first report of full-length plasmid DNA-carrying complete neurotoxin gene clusters integrated in three distinct neurotoxigenic species: , and .
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins13070473