Targeted delivery of a STING agonist to brain tumors using bioengineered protein nanoparticles for enhanced immunotherapy

• Published in: Bioactive materials 2022-10, Vol.16, p.232-248
• Main Authors: Wang, Bin, Tang, Maoping, Yuan, Ziwei, Li, Zhongyu, Hu, Bin, Bai, Xin, Chu, Jinxian, Xu, Xiaoyang, Zhang, Xue-Qing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bioengineered protein nanoparticles; Blood brain barrier; Dual-targeting property; Glioma-targeted immunotherapy; STING agonist
• ISSN: 2452-199X; 2452-199X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.026

Immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful tool for combating many human diseases. However, the application of this life-saving treatment in serious brain diseases, including glioma, is greatly restricted. The major obstacle is the lack of effective technologies for transporting therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and achieving targeted delivery to specific cells once across the BBB. Ferritin, an iron storage protein, traverses the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis by binding to transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) overexpressed on BBB endothelial cells. Here, we developed bioengineered ferritin nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers that enable the targeted delivery of a small-molecule immunomodulator to achieve enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic glioma-bearing mouse model. We fused different glioma-targeting moieties on self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles via genetic engineering, and RGE fusion protein nanoparticles (RGE-HFn NPs) were identified as the best candidate. Furthermore, RGE-HFn NPs encapsulating a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist (SR717@RGE-HFn NPs) maintained stable self-assembled structure and targeting properties even after traversing the BBB. In the glioma-bearing mouse model, SR717@RGE-HFn NPs elicited a potent local innate immune response in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival. Overall, this biomimetic brain delivery platform offers new opportunities to overcome the BBB and provides a promising approach for brain drug delivery and immunotherapy in patients with glioma. RGE-HFn NPs showed excellent glioma-targeting ability.RGE-HFn NPs showed potent tumor tissue-penetration ability.SR717@RGE-HFn NPs effectively activated the STING pathway and exerted immunoregulatory effects within the intracranial glioma TME.SR717@RHE-HFn NPs significantly triggered a glioma-specific innate immune response and remarkably delayed the growth of orthotopic gliomas without exhibiting apparent systemic toxicity.